Leading to Civil War

Review: Long Term Causes Sectionalism Slavery Westward Expansion Breakdown of Compromise Differences in Constitutional Interpretations: State’s Rights

Changing Politics Creation of the Free-Soil Party Whigs and Northern Democrats support Popular Sovereignty Whigs gone after compromise of 1850 Northern States response to Fugitive Slave Act People starting to take a real moral stand on slavery – free soil party- again mostly focused on westward expansion Response to fugitive slave act- personel liberty laws- basically nullifying that law in their state

Changing Politics Birth of Republican Party Election of 1856 Pulls from all other parties who were now breaking apart over the issue of slavery Election of 1856 Republican party- Lincoln party- created from all other anti slavery parties to unite behind one platform Election of 1856- first election after creation of republican Party, Buchanan won by not addressing the slavery issue

Brain Break What is the difference between long term and short term causes? Which do you think plays a bigger role in causing an event a short term or long term cause?

Short Term Causes of the Civil War The Dredd Scott Decision (1857) John Brown’s Raid on Harper’s Ferry Terrorist or Martyr? Lincoln-Douglas Debates Dredd Scott decision- dredd scott was a slave who had lived with his master in a free territory, when his master died he sued saying he should be set free bc hee lived in a free territory. The supreme court ruled that since scott was a slave he had no right to petition the court (basically ruling he was property and had no rights) Buchanan decided he would defer to this decision as his policy John Browns raid- John Brown wanted to start a slave revolution, felt it was his mission from god to end slavery even if he had to use violence. He tried to start a slave revolution be getting the slaves in Harpers Ferry VA to join him on a raid to start a revolution, did not get enough support and will fail and be hung for treason against the sates of VA. The south will view his death as justified, but the north will viw him as a martyr Lincoln-Douglas debates- Lincoln and douglas will run against each other first for a congressional seat. People will come from all over to hear the two debate, this is what put Lincoln on the map. Lincoln believed in not expanding slavery while Douglas believed n Popular Soverignty.

Short Term Causes of the Civil War Election of 1860 Lincoln Wins South Carolina secedes Confederate States of America are formed in 1861 Failure of Crittenden’s Compromise Election of 1860- Lincoln vs douglas- no state in the south voted for Lincoln- in some states he wasn’t even on the ballot, when Lincoln won, the south felt the system was rigged against them and did not want to be a part of a country where they were not represented in the government (felt it was similar to American revolution where colonists were not represented in Parliament) So they will break away and form their own government SC first then MS, AL, GA, FL, LA, TX. Form the Confederate states of America Crittenden’s Compromise- re introduce the Missouri compromise line, and create laws protecting and guaranteeing the southern states right to own slaves. Did not pass- bc most of the southern states had seceded.

Brain Break Do you think the south had the right to secede? Why or why not? Do you think states should have the right to secede today? What do you think would happen if a state did secede today?

Civil War Begins Fort Sumter Charleston, SC Buchanan sent supply ships- fired upon by confederates (January, 1861) Lincoln- take a risk or give up forts Notified SC he was sending supplies- only food Confederates ordered fort to surrender- they did not and confederates fired on the fort, and union soldiers fired back.- the first shots of the Civil War After Fort Sumter: Virginia, Arkansas, Tennessee, and North Carolina will secede