RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY It covers all of our individual disciplines.

RADIOLOGIC TECHNOLOGY Radiography Mammography Computed Tomography Magnetic Resonance Imaging Quality Management Sonography Radiation Therapy Bone Densitometry Vascular Sonography Breast Sonography Cardiac Interventional Radiography Vascular Interventional radiography Radiologist Assistant Nuclear Medicine

5 Primary Certifications  Radiography (R) Nuclear Medicine Technology (NM) Radiation Therapy (T) Sonography (US) Ultrasound or Registered Diagnostic Medical Sonographer (RDMS) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MR) candidates must have successfully completed a formal educational program in the respective discipline that is accredited by a mechanism acceptable to ARRT.

Post Primary Certifications Mammography (M) Computed Tomography(CT) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MR) or (MRI) Note: Both a primary and post-primary track Quality Management (QM) Cardiac-Interventional Radiography (CI) Vascular-Interventional Radiography (VI) Sonography (US) or (RDMS) Note: Both a primary and post-primary track Vascular Sonography (VS) Breast Sonography (BS) Bone Densitometry (BD) Registered Radiologist Assistant (RA)

MRI and Sonography are PRIMARY and POST PRIMARY Can get formal education On the job training if you have a primary certification in radiography, nuclear medicine or radiation therapy meet clinical requirements.

Radiography : Primary Certification Mina Colunga R.T. (R) Mina Colunga Registered Technologist in the specialty of Radiography

SALARY RANGES RT’s New R.T. (R) = $ 23 -$40 per hour ON-CALL + O.T. $48,000 – $83,000 YR Advance disciplines R.T. (CT), (T), (NM), (S), (M), etc $ 30 - $50 PER HOUR

Individual Disciplines of Radiology

RADIOGRAPHY Diagnostic Radiology Technologist Radiographer Technician (Limited Licensure) Specializing in the use of x-rays to create images of the body including the skeletal system, chest and abdomen

Two Types of x-ray examinations Fluoroscopy Radiography

Radiography Using X-Rays to view the internal structure of an object. The X-rays that pass through the object are captured behind the object by a detector (either photographic film or a digital detector). The generation of flat two dimensional images by this technique is called projectional radiography

Types of Diagnostic Exams Chest Extremities Skull/ Facial Spine Gastrointestinal Interventional

Fluoroscopy

FLUOROSCOPY Medical imaging that shows a continuous X-ray image on a monitor, much like an X-ray movie. Used in a wide variety of examinations and procedures to diagnose or treat patients. Some examples are: Barium X-rays and enemas (to view the gastrointestinal tract) Catheter insertion and manipulation (to direct the movement of a catheter through blood vessels, bile ducts or the urinary system) Placement of devices within the body, such as stents (to open narrowed or blocked blood vessels) Angiograms (to visualize blood vessels and organs) Orthopedic surgery (to guide joint replacements and treatment of fractures)

Barium This is a salt of a heavy metal, and as such it absorbs x-rays very well. It can be made into a thick suspension and swallowed (the barium swallow or meal) or introduced into the colon via the rectum (the barium enema). The barium coats the lining of the stomach or colon, and when air is introduced to distend the gut, you get really detailed pictures of the bowel lining, covered in a thin layer of barium the barium is white, and the air distending the colon is black. Small tumors and ulcers can be diagnosed in this way.

Beyond Diagnostic Radiography Ultrasound (sonography) Angiography Computerized tomography (CT) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Nuclear Medicine Mammography Radiation Therapy

Bone Densitometry (BD) – Post primary certification 1) Must have primary certification in radiography, nuclear medicine or radiation therapy 2) Meet clinical requirements

Bone Densitometry- measures mineral content and density of bones

Low Doses of Radiation

Career in Radiography --uses high frequency sound waves Ultrasound (sonography) --uses high frequency sound waves

Ultrasound beam is transmitted and reflected – as special crystal at the end of the transducer can determine the type of tissue Determines depth

Uses SOUND WAVES (NOT X-RAYS) “real time” images

ULTRASOUND uses a technique similar to Navy SONAR to produce diagnostic images.

U/S & the “real thing”

Vascular Sonography cd

Obstetric Ultrasound is the use of ultrasound scans in pregnancy Obstetric Ultrasound is the use of ultrasound scans in pregnancy. Since its introduction in the late 1950’s ultrasonography has become a very useful diagnostic tool in Obstetrics. http://planetwebdesignservices.com/gallery3.htm Currently used equipments are known as real-time scanners, with which a continuous picture of the moving fetus can be depicted on a monitor screen. Very high frequency sound waves of between 3.5 to 7.0 megahertz (i.e. 3.5 to 7 million cycles per second) are generally used for this purpose. They are emitted from a transducer which is placed in contact with the maternal abdomen, and is moved to "look at" (likened to a light shined from a torch) any particular content of the uterus. Repetitive arrays of ultrasound beams scan the fetus in thin slices and are reflected back onto the same transducer. The information obtained from different reflections are recomposed back into a picture on the monitor screen (a sonogram, or ultrasonogram). Movements such as fetal heart beat and malformations in the fetus can be assessed and measurements can be made accurately on the images displayed on the screen. Such measurements form the cornerstone in the assessment of gestational age, size and growth in the fetus

SUB SPECIALITY IN ANGIOGRAPHY Cardiovascular Interventional Technology Vascular Interventional Technology Must have certification in diagnostic radiography in order to be trained and certified in these special procedures.

Angiogram A medical imaging technique using x-ray and contrast agent to visualize the inside of blood vessels and organs of the body. Angiography or arteriography is a medical imaging technique used to visualize the inside, or lumen, of blood vessels and organs of the body, with particular interest in the arteries, veins and the heart chambers. This is traditionally done by injecting a radio-opaque contrast agent into the blood vessel and imaging using X-ray based techniques such as fluoroscopy.

Cardiac Interventional Radiography (CI)- Primary certification Mike Smith, RT (R) (CI) Must have primary certification in radiography 2) Meet clinical requirements

Also known as CT, Cat Scans Computed Tomography Also known as CT, Cat Scans

Computed Tomography Uses ionized radiation to obtain cross sectional images Designated by CT Jennifer Smith, R.T. (R) (CT) Must have primary certification in radiography, nuclear medicine or radiation therapy Meet clinical requirements

Computed Tomography Able to do 3D reconstruction

MRI Magnetic Resonance Imaging

MRI SIGNAL PRODUCTION Uses Magnet field radio waves

MRI Uses magnetic and radio waves to create images Can be whole body or cross sectional Designated by MRI Jeremy Assef, R.T., CRT, (MRI) Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), is primarily a medical imaging technique most commonly used in radiology to visualize the structure and function of the body. It provides detailed images of the body in any plane. MRI provides much greater contrast between the different soft tissues of the body than computed tomography (CT) does, making it especially useful in neurological (brain), musculoskeletal, cardiovascular, and oncological (cancer) imaging. Unlike CT, it uses no ionizing radiation, but uses a powerful magnetic field to align the nuclear magnetization of (usually) hydrogen atoms in water in the body. Radiofrequency fields are used to systematically alter the alignment of this magnetization, causing the hydrogen nuclei to produce a rotating magnetic field detectable by the scanner. This signal can be manipulated by additional magnetic fields to build up enough information to construct an image of the body.

Which one is MRI? CT? CT MRI

Look for the signs….

What are the differences between MRI and CT? Uses magnets and radiowaves Cannot be used on patients who have metal in their body Slow Uses ionizing radiation Can be used on any patient Fast

Nuclear Medicine

BELL WORK – November 1, 2017 List some differences between a CT and an MRI What type of waves are used on an Ultrasound? What is the primary specialty for the following abbreviations? R, T, NM, US and MR Name a post-primary specialty in radiology?

5 Primary Certifications  Radiography (R) Nuclear Medicine Technology (NM) Radiation Therapy (T) Sonography (US) Ultrasound or Registered Diagnostic Medical Sonographer (RDMS) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MR) candidates must have successfully completed a formal educational program in the respective discipline that is accredited by a mechanism acceptable to ARRT.

Post Primary Certifications Mammography (M) Computed Tomography(CT) Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MR) or (MRI) Note: Both a primary and post-primary track Quality Management (QM) Cardiac-Interventional Radiography (CI) Vascular-Interventional Radiography (VI) Sonography (US) or (RDMS) Note: Both a primary and post-primary track Vascular Sonography (VS) Breast Sonography (BS) Bone Densitometry (BD) Registered Radiologist Assistant (RA)

Review CT, MRI and PET https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3CCfr_KD-84

NUCLEAR MEDICINE https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=v38-I58H2Uc Uses radioactive isotopes to produce images Radiation comes from within the patient Primary or Post primary certification

PET scan (brain) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yrTy03O0gWw

Mammography

Mammography Breast imaging using ionized radiation

Radiation Therapy Medical dosimetrists are involved in treatment planning and dose calculations 1-4 year program

Radiation therapy https://www.youtu be.com/watch?v=t 8Q23XhqAhc

Radiation Therapy Radiation Therapy Involved the treatment of diseases Use high level of ionized radiation (megavolt) to kill cancerous cells Primary certification