Chapter 11 The Civil War.

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Presentation transcript:

Chapter 11 The Civil War

Introduction to the Civil War North vs. South, Union vs. Confederacy, Blue vs. Grey Started: April 12, 1861 at Fort Sumter, SC Ended: June 2nd, 1865 North Victorious 3.1 million soldiers fight with approximately 650,000 deaths in the Civil War

Advantages of the South 1. 11 States 2. A defensive war, knew the terrain and controlled most lines of communication 3. Stronger Generals (Lee and Jackson) 4. Better prepared due to outdoor life style 5. Allies in France and Great Britain

Advantages of the North 1. 19 free states, 4 slaveholding border states. 2. 22 Million vs. 9 million people 3. 90% of manufacturing vs. Souther imports 4. 20,000 miles in RR 5. 75% on the nation’s financial resources 6. Navy and merchant marine

South: Recruiting for Military Service At first, Confederate armies consisted of volunteers 1862, the South instituted a “draft” “rich man's war, poor man’s fight” one million men will serve

North: Recruiting for Military Service At first, Union army filled with volunteers Government offered volunteers “cash bounties” to enlist Led to “bounty jumping” 1863, the North passed a draft law also ($300 to avoid) Approximately 2 million people served in the Union army

South: Financing the War difficulty raising money (slaves and Land) levied taxes, sold bonds and issued paper money with no financial backing sought loans from Europe with little success hurt by the North’s Naval Blockade

North: Financing the War Raised money very easily – sold bonds imposed excise tax, income tax, and tarrifs Issued $450 million in paper money National Banking Act of 1863 (national currency)

South: Political Matters Jefferson Davis: Elected President of the Confederacy Proved to be inflexible, intolerant and no leadership skills Will get worse as the south moved closer to defeat

North: Political Matters Abraham Lincoln: Elected President in 1860 and 1864 “Honest Abe”/One of the top two presidents of all time Expanded Presidential Powers Emancipation Proclamation of 1863 Gettysburg Address Assassinated in April, 1865