Kingdom Animalia

Invertebrates: Critters with no backbone -Porifera -Cnidaria -Worms: Flatworms, Roundworms, Annelida -Mollusks Arthropods Echinoderms

Porifera: The Sponges

Cnidaria- Jellyfish, anemones, coral, hydra If a human were to get stung by a Lion's Mane jelly it could be fatal, provided enough poison had been absorbed by the body. The venom can cause paralysis of the breathing muscles so the victim would die from suffocation. Don't expect to go swimming at the beach and see a huge Lion's Mane jelly - this big guy probably lived way out in the open ocean, way down deep. Many of this species of jellyfish are found in frigid, Arctic waters. 'The most venomous jellyfish is the beautiful but deadly Australian sea wasp, or box jellyfish, Chironex fleckeri, the most venomous cnidarian in the world. The sea wasp jellyfish has enough poison to kill 60 humans. Its cardiotoxic venom has caused the deaths of at least 70 people off the coast of Australia alone in the past century, with some victims dying within four minutes. One effective defence, however, is women's hosiery, outsize versions of which were once worn by Queensland lifesavers at surfing tournaments.' Before you invest in pantyhose, also consider that the guy who nominated the Portuguese man o' war is right, they are dangerous. They are nowhere near as deadly as the sea wasp, but really severe reactions can include difficulty in breathing and cardiac arrest. These creatures are not true jellyfish, though, so 'Boxy' wins on points! 3 years ago

Flatworms Roundworms Annelids (segmented worms

Mollusks

Arthropods: Segmented Legs

Echinoderms: Spiny Skin

Vertebrates – Backbones

Which of these is an “animal”?

Answer: They are all animals! Characteristics of Animals: heterotrophic eukaryotic Multicellular Show motility at some point lack cell walls 95% = invertebrates (do not have backbone) ex. Insects to squid 5% = vertebrates (have a backbone) ex. Mammals, reptiles, fish

Animal Functions Feeding: Herbivore = eats plants Carnivore = eats animals Omnivore = eats plants and animals Detritivore = feed on decaying organic material Filter Feeders = aquatic animals that strain food from water Parasite = lives in or on another organism (symbiotic relationship)

2. Respiration: Take in O2 and give off CO2 Lungs, gills, through skin, simple diffusion

3. Circulation: -Very small animals rely on diffusion -Larger animals have a circulatory system to move materials throughout their bodies

4. Excretion: Primary waste product is ammonia 5. Response: Receptor cells = sound, light, external stimuli Nerve cells => nervous system 6. Movement: * Most animals move

7. Reproduction: Most reproduce sexually = genetic diversity   Many invertebrates can also reproduce asexually to increase their numbers rapidly

Body Symmetry - the body plan of an animal, how its parts are arranged Asymmetry - no pattern (corals, sponges) Radial Symmetry - shaped like a wheel (starfish, hydra, jellyfish) Bilateral Symmetry -  has a right and left side (humans, insects, cats, etc)

Identify the Symmetry

Cephalization - an anterior concentration of sense organs (to have a head) *The more complex the animals becomes the more pronounced their cephalization

Anatomical Terms: anterior - toward the head posterior - toward the tail dorsal - back side ventral - belly side

Segmentation - "advanced" animals have body segments, and specialization of tissue (even humans are segmented, look at the ribs and spine)

Trends in Animal Evolution Early Development: Animals begin life as a zygote (fertilized egg)

The cells in the zygote divide to form the BLASTULA - a hollow ball of cells

The blastula pinches inward to form three GERM LAYERS Examples for each??

*Most invertebrates *All vertebrates & Echinoderms (invertebrates)

Body Cavities Coelom – lies between the digestive tract and the body wall Important because it provides space in which internal organs can be suspended Provide room for internal organs (growth) Some cavities have fluids that are involved in circulation, feeding & excretion Acoelomates – no coelom ex. flatworm Pseudocoeloms – similar to coelom, but lack a mesoderm ex. roundworm