WWII: The Home Front.

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Presentation transcript:

WWII: The Home Front

WWII Review America was aiding the Allies during neutrality. Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor brought America into the war.

Mobilization: The Demand for War Equipment & Soldiers. Selective Training & Service Act (1940): first peacetime draft in American history.

Buy, Buy, Buy, Buy a Bond: It Will Lead to VICTORY! War bonds helped raise $187 billion to support the war effort.

War Rations

Victory Gardens: Grow Your Own!

Propaganda: Fighting the Enemy on the Battlefield & on the Home Front!

Link front lines to Homefront

Fear Propaganda

Protect American secrets Protect American traditions

Ensure support of war

Jimmy Stewart goes off to war. Hollywood Pitches In Jimmy Stewart goes off to war.

U.S. made 2x more goods than Germany & 5x more than Japan The Wartime Economy America’s advantage: production. War Production Board (WPB) U.S. made 2x more goods than Germany & 5x more than Japan

Ford’s B-24 Bomber Plant Easy transfer from cars to planes

Ford’s Willow Run Factory Ford made one B-24 bomber every hour.

Henry Kaiser’s West Coast Shipyards Battle of the Atlantic: USA produced ships faster than German U-boats could sink them. Kaiser standardized battleship building & reduced the time it took to make a battleship from 355 days to 14 days

Women New economic opportunities for women: Dramatic rise in employment (14 million to 19 million by 1945). Most new female workers were married, many middle-aged.

“Rosie, the Riveter”

S..t..r..e..t..c..h That Food!

Join the Women’s Army Corps (WACs) Women Accepted for Volunteer Emergency Service (WAVES) Women’s Army Air Corps Pilots

African-Americans 1 million blacks served in U.S. military. FDR created a Fair Employment Practices Committee. A. Philip Randolph Continued black migration into the North & West.

Segregated units…again Tuskegee Airmen

Double V: Victory at Home & Abroad A. Philip Randolph threatened a “March on Washington” to protest war time discrimination. Other groups, like the Congress of Racial Equality (CORE), staged sit-ins in restaurants in major cities to protest discrimination.

442 Combat—when your division is in trouble “Call in the Japs” (to save your butt)

Mexican-Americans Served in quasi-segregated military units. Bracero Program for Mexican workers. Faced discrimination, especially during the Zoot Suit Riots.

“Zoot Suit” Riot in Los Angeles

Japanese-Americans Pearl Harbor caused fears of Japanese invasion of West. Civil liberties were restricted: Issei had their assets frozen. Used racial stereotypes (“Japs”). In 1942, FDR ordered 112,000 Japanese-Americans moved to internment camps.

Korematsu v. United States: internment constitutional because of “clear and present danger”.

Japanese Internment Most of the hastily constructed camps were located in bleak deserts. Families were crowded in flimsy housing with no running water.

The all Nisei 442nd Division fought in Europe & received over 1,000 citations for bravery.