Bacteria Chapter 18 Section 2.

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Presentation transcript:

Bacteria Chapter 18 Section 2

Life History and Ecology Bacteria consist of only a single cell They may be found on the tops of mountains, the bottom of the deepest oceans, in the guts of animals, and even in the frozen rocks and ice of Antarctica.

Life History and Ecology (cont…) They "eat" everything from sugar and starch to sunlight, sulfur and iron. There's even a species of bacteria—Deinococcus radiodurans—that can withstand blasts of radiation 1,000 times greater than would kill a human being.

Classification Bacteria all are of the cell type called Prokaryotes They are found in the Kingdoms Eubacteria & Archeabacteria

Grouping Bacteria Most bacteria may be placed into one of three groups based on their response to gaseous oxygen. Aerobic (Obligate Aerobes) Thrive in the presence of oxygen and require it for their continued growth and existence Anaerobic (Obligate Anaerobes) Cannot tolerate gaseous oxygen Facultative Anaerobes Prefer growing in the presence of oxygen, but can continue to grow without it

Grouping Bacteria (cont…) Bacteria may also be classified both by the mode by which they obtain their energy. Heterotrophs Break down complex organic compounds that they get from the environment Includes: Bacteria found in decaying material Those that do fermentation or respiration Autotrophs Fix carbon dioxide to make their own food source May be fueled by: Light energy (photoautotrophic), Oxidation of nitrogen, sulfur, or other elements (chemoautotrophic)

Autotrophic Bacteria ▲ Heterotrophic Bacteria ►

Heterotrophic Bacteria Autotrophic Bacteria

Grouping Bacteria (cont…) The cell membrane is surrounded by a cell wall in most bacteria The composition of the cell wall varies among species and is an important character for identifying and classifying bacteria Some bacteria retain a purple color when stained with a dye known as crystal violet, and are known as Gram-positive Other bacteria have double cell walls, with a thin inner wall of peptidoglycan and an outer wall of carbohydrates, proteins, and lipids. Such bacteria do not stain purple with crystal violet and are known as Gram-negative

Gram Staining

What They Look Like A more or less typical bacterium, shown here, is comparatively much simpler than a typical eukaryotic cell.

What They Look Like (cont…) All bacteria are basically one of three different shapes: Rod- or stick-shaped and called bacilli Shaped like little balls and called cocci Helical or Spiral in shape