The Rise of Islam

Arabia Prior to Muhammad Crossroads of three continents Geography-desert with little water People settled near an oasis town or near the coast Bedouins-tribal nomads who migrated across Arabia trading what they could Coastal towns such as Mecca were popular for trade. Several different tribes with different religions in Arabia People would worship at the Ka’aba, a shrine.

9/25 What was the importance of Mecca even before Muhammad was born? Why did most people in Arabia move around a lot? 9/25

Muhammad (570-632 C.E) Born into powerful Meccan family Trader and merchant At age 40, Muhammad meditated outside Mecca He saw an angel named Gabriel. Gabriel gave him messages from God, or Allah. Islam- “Submission to the will of God.” Muslims- “One who has submitted.”

Muhammad Spreads Islam He preached in Mecca in 613 He met hostility from Meccan leaders He and his followers migrated (Hijrah) to Yathrib, later renamed Medina. In 630, he returned to Mecca with 10,000 followers He converted most in Mecca to Islam. Muhammad Spreads Islam

The Religion of Islam The Five Pillars of Islam: Faith (Claim Allah) Prayer (5X a Day) Alms (Giving to Poor) Fasting (During Ramadan) Pilgrimage (Hajj) to Mecca Qur’an-holy book of Islam (written in Arabic) Shari’a-Islamic body of law. The Religion of Islam

Islam Spreads After Muhammad Across the Middle East & N. Africa Muhammad did not leave instructions for who was to take over Islam. After he died in 632, new leaders, or Caliphs, emerged. They enabled the word jihad, or struggle, to keep Islam afloat. They spread Islam through military conquests Islam Spreads After Muhammad Across the Middle East & N. Africa

9/29 What was the problem within the Umma after Muhammad died? Who was going to be the next leader? Who were the first four leaders of Islam after Muhammad? The 4 Rightly Guided Caliphs Abu Bakr, Umar, Uthman, Ali How did Islam spread after Muhammad? Military Conquests How was this different from Christianity? Apostles 9/29

Islam Splits Leadership issues caused a split in Islam Two branches: Sunni-followers of Muhammad’s example Shi’a-leader must be descended from Muhammad Islam Splits

How did the way that Islam was originally spread impact terrorist groups today? TOTD-9/30

The Abbasid Empire (750-1258 C.E) Umayyad Empire fell to rebels in 750 C.E. The Abbasids took control Moved capital to new city in Iraq called Baghdad Increased trade along land and sea Developed banks and taxed goods. Created a bureaucracy with regional governors to control the empire. Architecture, lit., art, science, etc. The Abbasid Empire (750-1258 C.E)

Al-Khwarizmi solves the first quadratic and linear equations. Calligraphy-art of beautiful hand writing Medical Encyclopedia Ibn Battuta-recorded his travels around the world Ibn Sina-philosopher and considered the “father of medicine.” Architecture-built up cities (Jerusalem, Baghdad, Damascus) Saved historical texts Legacy of the Islamic Empire 9/30-Create a chart and categorize these facts

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On Your Poster Title: The Threat of ISIS Timeline of events starting with 9/11 attacks (use your phone for research)-Make sure to include 9/11, the American invasion into Iraq in 2003, election of Nouri al-Maliki, the Syrian Civil War, our pull out of Iraq in 2011, the emergence of ISIS, ISIS take over of Northern Syria and Mosul, Iraq, and U.S. airstrikes. What is the underlying cause to the emergence of ISIS? What could we have done? (Was it smart to pull out of Iraq?) What is the short term solution for defeating ISIS? What is the long term solution for defeating ISIS? On Your Poster

Staple These Together and Pass to the Front with name on it Islam Map (If not already turned in) Islam Intro Sheet 4 Rightly Guided Caliphs Packet Islam Timeline Unit 3 Organizer Africa Map Staple These Together and Pass to the Front with name on it

Jigsaw Reading Sections 11.1 & 11.2 (pgs. 301-311) 1.-A New Rome 2.-Life in the New Rome 3.-Creating an Imperial Capital 4.-Constantinople’s Hectic Place 5.-The Empire Falls 6.-The Church Divides 7.-Russia’s Birth & Slavs and Vikings 8.-Kiev Becomes Orthodox 9.-Kiev’s Power & Decline 10.-Mongol Invasions 11.-Russia Breaks Free Jigsaw Reading Sections 11.1 & 11.2 (pgs. 301-311)

10/6 What did Emperor Diocletian do to the Roman Empire? Split in half Why did the Roman Empire collapse? Germanic Invasions What happened to the Eastern half afterwards? Survived and Thrived for another 1,000 years Byzantine Empire (Eastern Half) Constantinople 10/6

10/3 Look at your Map for these: Give the relative location for Libya South of the Mediterranean West of Egypt Give the relative location for Morocco West of Algeria Coast of the Atlantic Ocean Give the relative location for Oman Southeast of Saudi Arabia Northwest of the Arabian Sea Afghanistan East of Iran North of Pakistan 10/3

Explain the most important beliefs of Islam Explain the most important beliefs of Islam. Be sure to include the following: Quran Shari’a Five Pillars

Describe the legacy of Muhammad. Be sure to include the following. Spread of Islam Development of Mecca Writing of the Quran