3A.1 & 3A.2 Cells 11/1/17

Cell Cells are the basic units of structure and function in living things.

Robert Hooke Built his own microscope Observed bark from oak trees He would draw all of the things he was seeing.

Anton van Leeuwenhoek Built microscopes in his spare time (improving on Hooke’s model) He observed lake water, scrapings from teeth and gums, and water from rain gutters. He observed living single celled organisms moving around in each of these samples.

Schleiden, Schwann, and Virchow Schleiden: Concluded that plants were made of cells Schwann: Concluded that animals were made of cells. Virchow: Suggested new cells can only be created from other cells.

Cell Theory Developed as a result of analyzing data gathered from experimentation. Cell Theory has 3 Main Points All living things are made up of one or more cells. The cell is the basic unit of life. All cells come from preexisting cells.

1. All living things are made up of one or more cells. Unicellular: An organism composed of one cell and all of life’s activities occur within that single cell. Multicellular: An organism composed of more than one cell; Each cell carries out most of the major functions of life.

2. A cell is the basic unit of life. Cells carry out the basic functions for all living things. They obtain energy, remove waste, and reproduce. In multicellular organisms each cell has specific functions to preform Ex.) Lung Cells are specifically designed to help you get oxygen.

3. All cells come from preexisting cells. Mitosis: The ability of cells to divide to form new cells Needed for growth, replacement of cells, and asexual reproduction

Parts of the Cell Each part of the cell has a specific job In order for a cell’s survival each part has to complete its job or the cell will die.

Cell Membrane The thin, flexible outer covering of a cell. Controls what enters and leaves the cell. Diffusion: One way in which materials can move between cells; materials move from areas with high concentration to areas with low concentration. Osmosis: The Diffusion of water across a membrane

Cytoplasm Gel-like fluid inside of a cell made of mostly water Organelles are imbedded here.

Nucleus Contains the genetic material (DNA) Control center of the cell Mitosis occurs in the nucleus

Vacuole Act as temporary storage centers Some store water; others store waste products until they can be eliminated from the cell

Chloroplast Where photosynthesis take place in plants Contain chlorophyll (green pigment that absorbs light energy)

Photosynthesis Plants use light energy (Sunlight), Carbon Dioxide (CO2), and water (H2O) to make glucose (C6H12O6) and Oxygen gas (O2). Plants release Oxygen Gas (O2) as a waste product. Glucose is used in cell respiration.

Mitochondria It is sometimes called the “powerhouse” of the cell Energy producing sites in the cell where respiration takes place The uses the energy to build, repair, and reproduce cells Cells that require a larger amount of energy to function contain more mitochondria.

Cell Respiration Glucose (C6H12O6) is broken down into Carbon Dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) This creates all the energy that the cell needs. This process is complementary to Photosynthesis

Cell Wall Provides support and shape for plant cells Made mostly of cellulose which provides a protective framework for the cell.

Lysosome Organelles responsible for digesting certain materials within the cell. Able to digest food, worn out organelles, and other cellular waste not needed for cell metabolism