KEY CONCEPT The Central Nervous System interprets information, and the Peripheral Nervous System gathers and transmits information.

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Presentation transcript:

KEY CONCEPT The Central Nervous System interprets information, and the Peripheral Nervous System gathers and transmits information.

The Nervous System’s two parts work together. The CNS includes the brain, brain stem, and spinal cord. (Shown in Orange) receives, interprets, and sends signals to the PNS (CENTER) The PNS includes four systems of nerves. (Shown in Yellow) connects the CNS to your organ systems. Uses sensory neurons to to detect stimuli and uses motor neurons to carry signals from the CNS to your muscles or organs. (PERIPHERY)

The Central Nervous System (CNS) processes information. The brain has three parts. cerebrum controls thought, movement, emotion cerebellum allows for balance brain stem controls basic life functions Brain stem midbrain pons medulla oblongata

Brain weighs about 3 lbs. and has over 100 billion neurons. Meninges – 3 layers of connective tissue which protect the brain from injury Meningitis – inflammation caused by virus, bacteria, or microorganisms. Symptoms – headache, stiff neck, fever Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) – acts to cushion the brain What is a concussion?

Cerebrum (CNS) Composed of two hemispheres (right and left half) Side of brain controls opposite side of body – stroke Part of the brain that interprets signals from the body and forms responses such as hunger, thirst, emotions, motion, and pain Cerebrum controls: Intelligence Personality Thinking Perceiving Producing/understanding Language Touch

Cerebral cortex (CNS) Outer layer of the cerebrum which interprets information from your sensory organs and generates responses. Highly folded – if unfolded, it would stretch across your desk Each hemisphere is divided into 4 lobes Frontal lobe – personality, reasoning, judgment, voluntary movement, speech Parietal lobe – interprets and coordinates sense of touch Temporal lobe- speech Interpretation and hearing, Memory Occipital lobe – visual info.

Phineas Gage 1848 – railroad foreman iron rod Frontal lobe damaged Caused a change in personality and behavior

Cerebellum (CNS) Coordinates movements, maintains posture and balance

The brain stem has three parts. (CNS) Connects the brain to the spinal cord and controls basic activities midbrain controls some reflexes ex. pupil pons regulates breathing medulla oblongata controls heart function, swallowing, coughing

The spinal cord controls reflexes.(CNS) (Reflex Arc) sensory neuron sends impulse to spinal cord spinal cord directs impulse to motor neuron does not involve the brain! Needs to be quick! interneuron motor neurons sensory neuron

The PNS links the CNS to muscles and other organs. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) The somatic nervous system regulates VOLUNTARY movements. The autonomic nervous system controls INVOLUNTARY functions. “automatic”

Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) Sympathetic Nervous system: “fight vs. flight” Parasympathetic Nervous system: calms the body, conserves energy (Relaxed)