The Expansion of Islam.

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Presentation transcript:

The Expansion of Islam

Muhammad fled Mecca in 622, sought refuge in Medina (hejira) This marked the formation of the umma, or community of Muslim believers

5 Pillars of Islam I. Belief in one God. II. Prayer 5 times a day. III. Giving of charity (zakat) IV. Fasting (Ramadan) V. Pilgrimage to Mecca (hajj)

Muhammad and followers conquered Mecca in 630 Ka’aba was repurposed as a Muslim shrine By the time of Muhammad’s death, much of Arabia had been brought under Muslim control

After Muhammad Death of Muhammad in 632 led to establishment of caliphs, or successors to the prophet (Abu Bakr) United tribes went on the offensive, establishing the caliphate

Expansion of Islam-to 632

Sharia law governed all aspects of life in these conquered areas Expansion led to factionalism within the umma Sunnis-Followers of Abu Bakr Shia-Followers of Ali