11/6 Topic: Start of Islam Aim: How did Islam start? How was Muhammad able to spread this new religion?

Do Now: Take out your homework for a homework check: Tell the class about something you learned about Islam from the reading

Before Islam Bedouins 1) Arab nomads 2) thrive in the desert. 3) Courage, family, warrior skills 4) live in clans Desert and Town Life Bedouins, Arab nomads, thrive in the desert. Bedouins live in clans, which give support to members. Some Arabs settle near oases or market towns.

City around oasis

Deserts, Towns, and Trade Routes Crossroads of Trade and Ideas Sea and land trade routes pass through Arabia. The areas with fertile soil and larger oases had enough water to support farming communities. By the early 600s, many Arabs had chosen to settle in an oasis or in a market town. Larger towns near the western coast of Arabia became market towns for local, regional, and long-distance trade goods. Crossroads of Trade and Ideas Many sea and land trade routes pass through Arabia. Trade extends to the Byzantine and Sassanid empires to the north.

Deserts, Towns, and Trade Routes Mecca Pilgrims come to Mecca to worship at the city of Ka’aba, and ancient shrine. Arabs associate shrine with Hebrew prophet Abraham and monotheism. Some tribes worship many gods and spirits, and bring idols to Ka’aba. Some Arabs believe in one God—Allah in Arabic Ka’aba - place of trade and sharing religious beliefs - come for the shrine of Hebrew prophet Abraham Mecca Pilgrims come to Mecca to worship at the Ka’aba, and ancient shrine. Arabs associate shrine with Hebrew prophet Abraham and monotheism. Some tribes worship many gods and spirits, and bring idols to Ka’aba. Some Arabs believe in one God—Allah in Arabic

Great Mosque of Mecca

Masjid al-Haram

Ka’bah at Mecca

Pilgrims touching one of the walls of the Ka'bah

The black stone of Mecca

Door of Ka’bah

Muhammad Read about the life of Muhammad Answer questions with a partner Many Muslims believe it to explicitly prohibited to draw or use images of Muhammad

The Prophet Muhammad Early Life Around A.D. 570 Muhammad is born into a powerful Meccan clan. Reading – The Messenger of Allah He received little schooling and began working in the caravan trade as a very young man. At the age of 25, Muhammad became a trader and business manager for Khadijah (kah•DEE•juh), a wealthy businesswoman of about 40. Later, Muhammad and Khadijah married. Theirs was both a good marriage and a good business partnership. Early Life Around A.D. 570 Muhammad is born into a powerful Meccan clan. He becomes a trader, and marries a wealthy businesswoman, Khadijah.

The Prophet Muhammad Revelations By age 40, Muhammad spends much time in prayer and meditation He claims to hear the angel Gabriel tell him he is a messenger of Allah. Muhammad found the religion of Islam—meaning “submission to the will of Allah” Many join him and become Muslim—meaning “one who has submitted.” Revelations By age 40, Muhammad spends much time in prayer and meditation He claims to hear the angel Gabriel tell him he is a messenger of Allah. Muhammad found the religion of Islam—meaning “submission to the will of Allah” Many join him and become Muslim—meaning “one who has submitted.”

Muhammad Muhammad became convinced that he was the last of the prophets. He began to teach that Allah was the one and only God and that all other gods must be abandoned. People who agreed to this basic principle of Islam were called Muslims.

The Prophet Muhammad The Hijrah Muhammad’s followers are attacked; together they leave Mecca in 622. Hijrah was the Muslim migration from Mecca to Yathrib (renamed Medina). The Hijrah Muhammad’s followers are attacked; together they leave Mecca in 622. Hijrah was the Muslim migration from Mecca to Yathrib (renamed Medina).

The Prophet Muhammad The Hijrah (continued) Muhammad attracts many more followers and becomes a great leader. Political leader—joins different groups into one community (Jews and Muslims) Religious leader—draws more converts to Islam. Military leader—tackles growing hostilities between Mecca and Medina The Hijrah (continued) Muhammad attracts many more followers and becomes a great leader. Political leader—joins Jews and Arabs of Medina in a single community. Religious leader—draws more converts to Islam. Military leader—tackles growing hostilities between Mecca and Medina

The Prophet Muhammad Returning to Mecca Muhammad and 10,000 followers return to Mecca Meccan leaders surrender. Muhammad destroys idols in the Ka’aba. Meccans convert to Islam. Muhammad unifies Arabian Peninsula. Returning to Mecca In 630, Muhammad and 10,000 followers return to Mecca Meccan leaders surrender. Muhammad destroys idols in the Ka’aba. Meccans convert to Islam. Muhammad unifies Arabian Peninsula.