European Influence in the Americas 7-1.3 Notes

Spain took the lead in a path of conquests in the Americas Hernan Cortes- Traveled into Mexico’s Yucatan Peninsula Defeated the powerful Aztec empire… 1. Spanish weapons (guns) 2. Horses (soldiers on horses) 3. Introduced diseases the Aztecs weren’t familiar with

Spain continued Francisco Pizzaro 1. Technology 2. Trickery Defeated the Inca in the Peru 1. Technology 2. Trickery *Cortes and Pizzaro started Spanish colonization in Central and South America.

Rivalries in the Americas… In the 1500s, Catholic Spain ruled the Netherlands. When the Netherlands rebelled, because they were Protestant, Protestant England sided with the Dutch (Neth.) Queen Elizabeth 1 of England, sent sea dogs, or ships, to attack Spanish ships filled with treasure from the Americas. Spain was REALLY mad.

Spain fought back… Philip II, the Catholic king of Spain, was outraged. In 1588, he sent a huge armada to invade England; this was called the Spanish Armada. Mission=> FAIL because the huge, heavy Spanish ships proved no match for the small, quick English navy. (Side-note) England has always been known for their navy. WHAT DID THE DEFEAT MEAN? Defeat over the Spanish armada broke Spain’s hold over the Atlantic Now other nations jumped into the race for the Americas to gain political power, spread religion, and become wealthy. (3 G’s)

Who colonized the Americas? Spain Netherlands Portugal France Great Britain

What were they looking for? 1. New land 2. Gold and silver (money) 3. Spices 4. Markets for trade 5. Cash crops (Rice Indigo Tobacco Some sugar) 6. Religious freedom (Remember the 3 G’s….God, Gold, Glory)

Different Nations, Different Colonies The three types of colonies set up in the Americas: Trading post colony Plantation colony Settler colony Side note: Some countries had more than one type of colony; it all depended on location.

Trading Post Colony Plantation Colony Settler colony Purpose: Used to trade items Grow and sell cash crops, such as rice, indigo, tobacco, Settlers establish new towns and settlements….they are controlled by their homeland. (European Country) Location Set up along a water trade route. Location Set up on large areas of land. Location Set up along the water for irrigation use and trade.

Spanish Colonies French colonies English colonies Mexico, Florida, South western South America/North America Northeast North America and the St. Lawrence river near Canada and the Mississippi River Valley They set up a variety of colonies in Canada and along the East coast of North America Controlled their colonies with viceroys. *Used the Encomienda system Controlled their colonies loosely. Few settlers because it was rocky, and the temperature was cold. * Tenant farmers Built for profit and others built them for religious freedom. England sent governors to rule over their colonies. * Representative assemblies -Use of Native American labor to work on the large farms very harsh to Native Americans -Harsh treatment of the Native Americans and European diseases killed work force French got along better with the Native Americans than any other European country. Live among the Native Americans and respected their culture. English settlers pushed Native Americans off their land. Did not want to convert the Native Americans, they just wanted their land.

Spanish colonies specifically… Viceroys controlled the colonies. ENCOMIENDA SYSTEM=>Spain gave landowners permission to use labor of Native Americans. Harsh treatment/disease killed work force, so they had to look for other workers

French colonies specifically… Bribed people with land to get people to the area Tenant farmers paid rent and worked a set amount of time each years for landowners Friends with the Native Americans

English colonies specifically… English colonies demanded charters promising rights and freedoms enjoyed in England. Ideas of self-government were written in the Mayflower Compact Had rice, tobacco, and sugarcane on the plantations. Set up representative assemblies where representatives spoke for the people

Pictures are worth a 1000 words. Pictures of worth a 1000 words: Draw what you think the colonies look like based on the information from the notes. You can not use any words, and all three of the colonies need to be on the paper.