The Age of Absolutism Chapter 17 Notes

Spain

Charles V Ruled Spain + Austrian Hapsburgs (Holy Roman Empire, Netherlands) Grandson of Ferdinand and Isabella Devout Catholic Had to constantly suppress Protestant uprisings Was too much to handle, gave up and became a monk!

Ferdinand Charles’ brother who “inherited” the Hapsburg lands Became Holy Roman Emperor

Philip “Inherited” Spain, the Netherlands, southern Italy and Spain’s overseas empire Ruled as an absolute monarch and asserted he had a divine right Wanted everyone to be Catholic

Philip Philip hated England and Queen Elizabeth I (she supported Protestants) Philip built a huge armada and planed to invade England A “freak” storm in the English Channel destroyed most of the armada making it easy for the English to defeat the rest of the ships

Spain’s Golden Age Philip was a huge patron of the arts El Greco was a famous painter Miguel de Cervantes wrote Don Quixote

Economic Decline Philip’s successors were weak Heavy taxes The expulsion of Jews and Muslims took many skilled laborers away Inflation

France

Rebuilding France France was split between Huguenots (French Protestants) and Catholics St. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre- 1572 Huguenots and Catholics gathered for a wedding and fighting began and 3,000 Huguenots are killed. The next day thousands more were killed

Henry IV Huguenot prince Inherited the throne Converted to Catholic because there were more Catholics in France Issued the Edict of Nantes to protect Huguenots Edict of Nantes granted toleration and let Huguenots fortify their cities

Cardinal Armand Richelieu Henry IV was assassinated in 1610 Henry’s 9 year old son Louis XIII inherited the throne Too young to rule Cardinal Richelieu appointed chief minister Spent 18 years destroying the Huguenots He destroyed their armies and dismantled the fortified cities Cardinal Jules Mazarin became chief minister after Richelieu’s death

Louis XIV, the Sun King Inherited the throne at age 5 Jules Mazarin was his chief minister 18 year old Louis stepped up to rule after the death of his chief minister Believed in divine right… “L’etat, c’est moi” (I am the state)

Took the sun as his symbol Louis XIV, the Sun King Took the sun as his symbol Called no meetings of the Estates General (congress) Gave government jobs Built a giant army Had a finance manager Colbert who believed in mercantilism Very wealthy Ruled for 72 years

Versailles Lavish palace of Louis XIV Housed at least 10,000 people Lavish Court ceremonies (hold the royal bath tub, buckle his shoes etc.) 1.5 billion dollars to build Working fountains ¼ mile long with 1,300 rooms

Versailles

Versailles past present

Versailles bedroom

Versailles fountains

Versailles

Versailles chapel video

England Parliament in England

The Tudors Tudors ruled England from 1485-1603 Elizabeth I was the last Tudor (Henry VIII daughter) and she had no heirs 1603 she died and the throne passed to cousins ruling in Scotland

The Stuarts and King James I The Stuarts inherited the throne from Elizabeth I Parliament did not like the Stuarts James I was the first Stuart king to take over in England James clashed with Parliament because he did not like being questioned King James version of the Bible

Charles I (Stuart) Inherited the throne from James Dissolved Parliament and ruled alone for 11 years Needed money from Parliament, met with them (after 11 years) Parliament revolted

English Civil War Cavaliers supported Charles I Parliament called Roundheads fought against Charles Oliver Cromwell led the Roundheads Roundheads defeated the Cavaliers Parliaments tried Charles and found him guilty Charles I executed

English Civil War Roundhead Cavalier

The Commonwealth Established House of Commons abolished the monarchy Oliver Cromwell was the new leader of the commonwealth Charles II was the heir to the throne, so he began an uprising NO king

The Commonwealth Established Cromwell grew unpopular with the rich gentry Cromwell dies, need new leadership Charles II invited to rule England Cromwell Charles II

Glorious Revolution Charles’ brother James II inherited the throne after Charles died James was a more strict Catholic and mistreated Protestants Powerful Protestants feared James and invited his daughter Mary and her husband William to rule England She came to England and James fled out of fear This bloodless overthrow of the king is called the Glorious Revolution

William and Mary Had to sign the Bill of Rights before they would be crowned king/queen Granted the Toleration Act of 1689 –toleration of Protestants recap

Russia

Peter the Great Became czar at age 10 Set out to westernize Russia (shave or beard tax) Boyars had to serve the state Wanted a warm-water port Built St. Petersburg (like Versailles) Beard tax

Beard Tax Didn’t want people to look like Creepy!

St. Petersburg

St. Petersburg St. Petersburg Versailles

Catherine the Great Inherited the throne after her crazy husband Peter III was murdered Gave Boyars rights Gained a warm-water port by taking it from the Ottoman empire Catherine, Frederick (Prussia) and Joseph II (Austria) all wanted Poland Divided Poland between the 3

Catherine the Great

Gift for Catherine the Great