Declaring Independence CN2.3 What were four factors that led to the drafting and approval of the Declaration of Independence? How can the formation of the American government be seen as an illustration of the Enlightenment philosophy?

Jot thoughts On your paper list as many specific event that caused the American Revolution as possible

Jot thoughts Categorize them as political, social, and economic by placing a P, S, or E next to each event. Was the revolution caused by more political, social or economic reasons?

So What Really Caused the American Revolution? As a group, Rank the following events according to their significance in causing the American Revolution. Be sure to defend/justify each of your rankings. (one paper per group) Tea Act Mercantilism Proclamation Line of 1763 Virtual Representation Boston Massacre Stamp Act Boston Tea Party Coercive/Intolerable Acts Battle of Lexington and Concord Declaratory Act Sugar Act Quartering Act French and Indian War

Propaganda #2: The Boston Massacre Etching Why do you think the artist use the word massacre in the title of the engraving? How do you think colonists who viewed this image thought about the colonists? About the British soldiers? Do you think this convinced other colonists to agree with independence from Britain? Why or Why not? Explain you answer using 3 pieces of evidence from the cartoon.

Was the Declaration of Independence an example of Revolutionary propaganda?

Common Sense Document 2a When considering colonists’ reactions to British Acts and Paine’s argument in Common Sense, what kind of government do you think Americans want? Why are the British trying to keep control of the colonies? What are some reasons that Thomas Paine gives for splitting from Britain.

Background to Declaration of Independence Mercantilism: economic policy from 1500- 1800 in which nations encouraged exports as a means of collecting gold and silver Government controls all trade Colonies ensured a safe and steady stream of raw materials for England, including fur, fish, cotton, tobacco, and indigo Colonies were expected to import manufactured and processed goods like iron products and tea Navigation Act: England regulated what its colonies could and could not trade

Background to the Declaration of Independence After England won the French and Indian War, King George III demanded control over the colonies King George and Parliament felt the colonists should bear some of the costs and administration of the areas acquired from France. Parliament passed several new acts designed to shift to the Americans some of the cost of defense

Background to the Declaration of Independence Stamp Act: required that all printed materials be stamped to indicate that tax had been paid England began to change trade policies as well by used a new monopoly on tea Colonists were angered over the taxes “No taxation without representation” Stamp Act was repealed in 1766 Boston Massacre 1770 rioting over taxes and the British soldiers killed a man outside of the courthouse in Boston. Crispus Attucks first to die

Why Did the Declaration of Independence Happen? Boston Tea Party: a group of angry colonists boarded 3 ships in Boston and threw the tea overboard Intolerable Acts series of laws designed to punish the people of Massachusetts. It limited the power of the colonial legislature, required quartering of British soldiers and closed the port of Boston First Continental Congress formed

QUIZ CH. 6-8

Second Continental Congress 1775-1776 Convened May 19, 1775 George Washington appointed Commander in Chief of the Continental Forces Appointed 5 men to write a declaration stating the colonies intent and reasons for independence January 1776 Common Sense by Thomas Paine explained why there should be independence to the public

Resolution of Differences Second Continental Congress drafted the Declaration of Independence. Approved for signature July 2 July 4 1776 Declaration was adopted Severed ties with Great Britain

Declaration of Independence Wanted to make sure the document explained why the colonists wanted to separate The second paragraph lays down the philosophy for the decision. “All men are equal” Government was to protect “life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness,” fundamental rights of all When the government failed to do so, citizens have a right to overthrow it Overthrow is not for trivial reasons, but when treatment becomes “absolute despotism”

Three Basic Principles of the Declaration of Independence Natural Rights: life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness Popular Sovereignty: People are the source of political authority Order: Importance of stability, overthrowing a government is only the last resort

List of Grievances that were Improper Actions by the King Dismissing colonial legislatures and denying the colonists their right for self- government Tax the colonists without their consent Maintaining an army in the colonies without the consent of the legislature and elevating the military above civilian authority Forcing colonists to house British soldiers in their house

List of Grievances that were Improper Actions by the King Making judges dependent on the King for their salaries and their tenure in office Refusing colonists the right to a fair trial in front of a jury of their peers Cutting off the trade of the colonies Abolishing the Charters, forms of government, and important laws of the colonies Refusing to address colonial grievances Renouncing the King’s authority to govern the colonies by waging war on them Encouraging domestic violence and Indian attacks on the colonies

Impact Today Ideals of equality led to Civil War, Women’s Rights and the Civil Rights Movement Influenced the French Revolution in their Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen in 1789 Latin American Movements of 1890s Vietnam War: Ho Chi Minh used it as a reason to invade the south

Enlightenment Philosophers ideas There were many philosophers in Europe that were writing books about Government and equality. Here are some of there ideas: Equal rights: The belief that all persons, regardless of sex, race, ethnicity, age, etc., have the same rights as everyone else. Consent of the governed: The political theory that governments gain their authority from their people. A government is not valid if the people do not give their consent. Social Contract: the idea that people give up some of their rights to protect the common good. Separation of Powers: the principle of dividing the powers of a government among different branches to guard against abuse of authority.

Changing Roles of Women Doc. Journal Entry 2b How was the development of the “Republican Motherhood” a departure from the norm? In what ways are the Enlightenment ideas reflected through the “Republican Motherhood”? How does the “Republican Motherhood” set the stage for future women’s rights movements?

Exit Slip What were four factors that led to the drafting and approval of the Declaration of Independence? How can the formation of the American government be seen as an illustration of the Enlightenment philosophy? What were three purposes of the Declaration of Independence? What were 4 grievances that the American Colonists had against Great Britain in 1776?