Assessing progress towards SDG-5 from national to community levels Ranjani K. Murthy Prepared for Guest Lecture, Organized by Nepal COE and WLCN, June 20, 2016

Objectives To explore how progress towards SDG 5 could be assessed from national to community level using national statistics, gender-sensitive surveys and participatory methods

SDG 5 targets and indicators Three parts MDG- SDG differences SDG 5 targets and indicators SDG 5 monitoring

MDGs and SDGs MDGs SDGs Origin Millennium summit, 2000 Rio+20- 2012 Goals 8 17 Targets 18 169 Period applicable 2001-2015 2016-2030 http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/releases/2015/malaria-mdg-target/en/ http://www.theguardian.com/global-development/2015/jan/19/sustainable-development-goals-united-nations

Differences between MDGs and SDGs 0 goals Universal Local government Inclusive process? Inclusive economic Peace Equity

Difference between MDGs and SDGs: GEWE More comprehensive GEWE targets and indicators Better integration of gender across --- SDGs

Critique from a development lens Neo-liberal development Mainstreaming of equity Othering of development Learning lessons from past Indicators and data Redistributive- land and wages, othering not including some agendas guns per capita or not allowing migrants, not removing food subsidies

Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls SDG 5 Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls

Proposed SDG indicators: Goal 5 (18/249) Target Indicator Tier 5.1 End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere 5.1.1 Whether or not legal frameworks are in place to promote, enforce and monitor equality and non‑discrimination on the basis of sex III UN Women 5.2 Eliminate all forms of violence against all women and girls in the public and private spheres, including trafficking and sexual and other types of exploitation 5.2.1 Proportion of ever-partnered women and girls aged 15 years and older subjected to physical, sexual or psychological violence by a current or former intimate partner in the previous 12 months, by form of violence and by age II UN women UNFPA UNICEF 5.1.1 Proccess indicator. Poll . Non discrriminated 5.2.1 reported . Where is under 15 coming?

Proposed SDG indicators: Goal 5 Target Indicator Tier 5.2 continued 5.2.2 Proportion of women and girls aged 15 years and older subjected to sexual violence by persons other than an intimate partner in the previous 12 months, by age and place of occurrence II UN women UNFPA UNICE 5.3 Eliminate all harmful practices, such as child, early and forced marriage and female genital mutilation 5.3.1 Proportion of women aged 20-24 years who were married or in a union before age 15 and before age 18 5.3.2 Proportion of girls and women aged 15-49 years who have undergone female genital mutilation/cutting, by age I UNICEF 5.2.2 Physical and psychologial violence of opposite sex. Gender or not. 5.3.2 India data fgm- how tier 1?

Proposed SDG indicators: Goal 5 Target Indicator Tier 5.4 Recognize and value unpaid care and domestic work through the provision of public services, infrastructure and social protection policies and the promotion of shared responsibility within the household and the family as nationally appropriate 5.4.1 Proportion of time spent on unpaid domestic and care work, by sex, age and location Tier 2 UN W 5.5 Ensure women’s full and effective participation and equal opportunities for leadership at all levels of decision-making in political, economic and public life 5.5.1 Proportion of seats held by women in national parliaments and local Governments 5.5.2 Proportion of women in managerial positions Tier 1 ILO Basic income to women from state for unpaid work? Recongnise and valu Leadership??? Representaiton. Take up strategic gendr issues

Proposed SDG indicators: Goal 5 Target Indicator Tier 5.6 Ensure universal access to SRHR as agreed in accordance with the Programme of Action of the International Conference on Population and Development and the Beijing Platform for Action and the outcome documents of their review Conferences 5.6.1 Proportion of women aged 15-49 years who make their own informed decisions regarding sexual relations, contraceptive use and reproductive health care 5.6.2 Number of countries with laws and regulations that guarantee women aged 15- 49 years access to SRH care, information and education III UNFPA III UNFPA 5.6.2 Coloured by myths, media, income. Informed decision, forced marriage, honour killing. Govt does not allow them ot use Equitable 5.6.2 actual practices

Proposed SDG indicators: Goal 5 Target Indicator Tier 5.7 Undertake reforms to give women equal rights to economic resources, as well as access to ownership and control over land and other forms of property, financial services, inheritance and natural resources, in accordance with national laws 5.7.1 (a) Proportion of total agricultural population with ownership or secure rights over agricultural land, by sex; and (b) share of women among owners or rights-bearers of agricultural land, by type of tenure 5.7.2 Proportion of countries where the legal framework (including customary law) guarantees women’s equal rights to land ownership and/or control III FAO, UN W , UNSD UN statistics division- UNSD Ownership of land secure rights. Land for underp distributed. Law guarantees right of agri pop to land. Ceilings

Proposed SDG indicators: Goal 5 Target Indicator Tier 5.8 Enhance the use of enabling technology, in particular information and communications technology, to promote the empowerment of women 5.9 Adopt and strengthen sound policies and enforceable legislation for the promotion of gender equality and the empowerment of all women and girls at all levels 5.8.1 Proportion of individuals who own a mobile telephone, by sex 5.9.1 Proportion of countries with systems to track and make public allocations for gender equality and women’s empowerment Tier 2 ITU Tier 3 UN Women ITU is the United Nations specialized agency for information and communication technologies – ICTs. Use mobile TV, laptop, internet account, Budget for marginalised.

Targets and Indicators critique Targets ambitious Some vague Some not there (e.g. sex ratio at birth) Few indicators of process Some indicators data or methodology is not there/frequent enough (Tier 2, Tier 3)

Monitoring SDG-5 Community District National

By 2030, reduce the global maternal mortality ratio to less than 70 per 100,000 live births 4 5 6 MMR 2015 Target Reduction Required (column 2-3) Per year reduction (column 4/15) Per five year (column 4/3) Afghanistan 386 70 316 21 Bangladesh 176 106 7 India 174 104 Indonesia 126 56 Nepal 258 188 13 Nigeria 814 744 50 Zimbabwe 443 373 25

Checklist- no one left behind! National data Quality, decentralized data equity and gender Modify to add variables, analyse- gender and equity

Civil society monitoring national– MDG Social Watch http://www.socialwatch. org/report2014 Wada Na Todo Abhiyan National shadow reports National budget and expenditure monitoring Gender-and equity? lens DAWN (global) ARROW MDG monitoring (Asia) Good practices for different MDGs http://wadanatodo.net/wp-content/uploads/2014/11/MDG-in-India-2010-A-Civil-Society-Report.pdf SW: All south asian countries here, zambia, Tanzania…

District level SDG monitoring (UNDP – LG Ministry) Profiles of panchayats/VDCs related to relevant MDG indicators – mainly MDG 1 and 3 Building DDC capacity to aggregate, analyse, plan, allocate resource and monitor progress on MDGs However, capacities and sustainability were issues

Gender and equity monitoring: SDG 5 Prioritization of targets/ indicators by most marginalised women Monitoring committee and training Participatory visual baselines and monitoring Validating aggreg, analysing and lobbying

End all forms of discrimination against all women and girls everywhere (Target 5.1) Story telling

5.2.1 Proportion of ever-partnered women and girls aged 15 years and older subjected to physical, sexual or psychological violence by a current or former intimate partner in the previous 12 months, by form of violence and by age

Child marriage 5.3.1 Proportion of women aged 20-24 years who were married or in a union before age 15 and before age 18 FGD with children Discussion with teachers, Child Help Lines Registrar’s office Discussion with parents Discussion with local NGO

5.4.1 Proportion of time spent on unpaid domestic and care work, by sex, age and location, add other axioms of equity

5.5.1 Proportion of seats held by women in …. local government Water users’, watershed, school, health, peace committee Representation, Attendance, Influence, decision making

5.6.1 Proportion of women aged 15-49 years who make their own informed decisions regarding sexual relations, contraceptive use and reproductive health care

Gender and diveristy aware social map 5.7.1 (a) Proportion of total agricultural population with ownership Gender and diveristy aware social map

5.7 (b) share of women among owners or rights-bearers of agricultural land, by type of tenure

Monitor from a gender and equity lens SDG monitoring32Q3 Look back MDG Monitoring Monitor from a gender and equity lens Look Beyond