Before we start: A quick check… Are you wearing your lanyards? Mobile phones away please

A refresher of the class rules Mobiles phones need to be put away. No texting in lesson Using phone in lesson will result in a stage 1 concern. A refresher of the class rules

We focused on racism, ethnicity, institutional racism, scapegoating, stereotyping, cultural misunderstanding Last lesson recap

Key words: write a definition Define racism What is cultural misunderstanding? Institutional racism What is the Macpherson Report? What are some of the reasons for racism? What is scapegoating? Key words: write a definition

D) Outline and explain two sociological reasons why some ethnic groups may have worse life chances than others Cultural misunderstandings, stereotyping, scapegoating – leading to racism, either individual or organisational level – this in turn impacts on employment, education, health (life chances) Exam practice

The idea that one race is better than others Racism

When a person finds it difficult to understand something about another person’s culture and so see them in a negative of confused way. Cultural Misunderstanding

Is when the culture of an organisation is racist …in terms of the police. It was found that the organisation was full of racial stereotypes and racist thinking. Institutional Racism

The Macpherson report argued that institutional racism was a problem within all public institutions - including the education system Institutional Racism

When a group of people are blamed for society’s problems Minority groups are often blamed for crime and unemployment. This is linked to prejudice Scapegoating

Difference between ethnicity and race? Ethnicity = culture Race = biology Difference between ethnicity and race?

GCSE Sociology: Unit 2 – social structures Inequality and its causes Lesson 6: Poverty and social exclusion Objectives of the lesson are: To understand what is meant by social exclusion in order to consider how it affects different groups To define the terms absolute, relative and subjective poverty GCSE Sociology: Unit 2 – social structures

What is social exclusion? Social exclusion is being left out of society in important ways

Question 1) How might someone be left out of society

Answer Can be socially, economically and politically excluded from society

Homeless. The homeless are excluded in many ways They are not part of town/village community 1 No access to basic things – food, clothes, shelter, medicine 2 Isolated – no access to communication (phones & internet) 3 May be treated differently to people – stigma attached to being homeless 4 Homeless. The homeless are excluded in many ways https://www.mirror.co.uk/news/uk-news/homeless-people-reveal-brutal-reality-11039006

Unemployed No paid job Feel left out of society – as no daily routine Lack of money affects their lifestyle Since 1980s recession there are groups of people who have become long term unemployed Unemployed

mental health issues, disabled, elderly and some ethnic groups. As well as homeless and unemployed, other groups who are at risk of exclusion are; those suffering with mental health issues, disabled, elderly and some ethnic groups. Other groups affected

Always look for examples in the news about groups like the homeless and unemployed, this will help you to increase you grade. Grade boost

Why might social exclusion be a problem for society? Question

The government are concerned that excluded groups may become a problem for society, in terms of higher crime rates and social problems. Social exclusion https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=wkCatP_vbmo

The riots in August 2011 has been attributed to social exclusion Young people did not feel part of society and broke social norms The riots

The government, the health service and schools are keen to increase inclusion The idea that all groups should be encouraged to be part of society and have the same chances as others. Inclusion

Ways to increase inclusion Projects to support those with mental health issues Helping those with disabilities to gain employment Improve rates of employment – reducing the need for benefits Support individuals with debt issues Supporting children in care Youth training programmes Change to education system – raising school leaving age

A) List 5 things that are a person’s basic needs B) List 5 things that would be difficult to manage without in our society (not things listed in a) but things we need to play a full part in our society In your groups

A B Ideas… Food, water, shelter, clothing, warmth TV, internet, mobile phone, car, games consoles, dishwasher, DVD, holidays, nights out B Ideas…

In your groups, decided ‘What is poverty In your groups, decided ‘What is poverty?’ and come up with a definition that you agree on Task

Absolute poverty is when a person does not have the basics needed to live, e.g. food, shelter, clothes and warmth. The benefit system in the UK is supposed to make sure that no-one lives in absolute poverty. What is poverty? poverty

Poverty and social exclusion Poverty and social exclusion are linked because people who are experiencing poverty can feel excluded and isolated from society. Poverty and social exclusion

Pioneer in social research into poverty Peter Townsend Pioneer in social research into poverty Used qualitative research and exposed the truth about poverty in the UK.

Poverty trap The less money you have, the more expensive many things are likely to cost. Those with the lowest incomes are often forced to access electricity and gas via prepaid meters – forking out hundreds of pounds more annually than those who pay by direct debit.

Even if the government were able to end absolute poverty, there will always be groups in society who are deprived compared with other people Being deprived means having to live without things which others expect. E.g. not having access to the Internet https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hXvweRzrAnQ Relative poverty

Grade boost Try to use other key terms to show your knowledge, even if the question does not ask for it, e.g. you could mention a lack of status and social mobility in relation to questions on poverty. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zK1Rw9KOEeY

When you think that you are living in poverty compared to others When you think that you are living in poverty compared to others. Some people might live quite well but still think they are in poverty Subjective Poverty

Peoples expectations change and standards of living increase In the early 1960s many homes still had outside toilets and no central heating. This would now be seen as relative poverty Also in the 1980s-90s not all people were expected to have a computer or mobile phone! Subjective poverty

Check your understanding A) One problem that the government think may be caused by groups that are excluded from society is more _________ B) Homeless people are socially excluded because they do not enjoy as good a ______________ as other groups. C) Unemployed people feel left out of society because they cannot afford to go ______ like other people D) Groups that are in danger of being socially excluded are the mentally ill, disabled, elderly and some _____ groups E) Social inclusion means making sure that all groups have the same _______ as others. Opportunities lifestyle out crime ethnic Check your understanding

Task Exam Practice

Looking at the underclass – some theories of poverty Next lesson