Napoleon
How Did He Gain Power? Napoleon defends delegates of the National Convention Directory appoints Napoleon leader of French army Swept through Italy to Egypt Returns and seizes power Coup d’etat Restores peace
What Does He Do? Tax and national banking Root out corruption Revenue, sound economy Root out corruption Dismissed corrupt officials Lycees- government run public schools Restored Church Recognized church System of laws Napoleonic Code- uniform laws, restricted freedoms for order Becomes Emperor Crowned in Notre Dame; did it himself
Empire Lose Haiti to Revolution and Louisiana to American purchase “The sale assures forever the power of the United States and I have given England a rival who, sooner or later, will humble her pride.” Crushed opposition in Europe Creates largest empire since Rome
Battle of Trafalgar British commander Horatio Nelson defeats French fleet Two consequences British naval supremacy No European empire
How to Control Britain? Continental System Through blockade to strangle Britain Policy was ineffective Even allies ignored it Britain puts in a more effective blockade against France
Peninsula War Sends invasion through Spain to Portugal Enforce continental system Angers Spanish Spanish guerillas fight for 6 years Napoleon loses 300,000 Increases nationalism, desire to be out of French Empire
Invasion of Russia Invades Russia Russians burn everything in retreat Czar Alexander would not follow blockade Russians burn everything in retreat Nothing for French to eat Reaches Moscow Hit with raids, cold, and hunger in march back Left with 10,000 men; gained what?
The Defeat Britain, Russia, Prussia, Sweden pounce Take Paris Napoleon surrenders and is banished to Elba Napoleon comes back to try and overthrow Louis XVIII Defeat Napoleon at Waterloo Hundred Days was his last bid for power Exiled to St. Helena
What To Do? European powers wanted peace and stablility Congress of Vienna Trying to achieve these goals Supposed to be 4 weeks; went 8 months
Metternich Foreign minister of Austria Distrusted democracy 3 Goals: Prevent French aggression by surrounding France Restore balance of power Restore royal families
1. Containment of France Surround France with strong countries Created the Netherlands Created German Confederation Recognized Switzerland Added land to Kingdom of Sardonia (Italy)
2. Balance of Power Did not severely punish France Avoid revenge If they broke up France another country might invade France remained a “major but diminished” power
3. Legitimacy Ruling families regain thrones Needed stability First cooperation of an entire continent Ensured peace for a time
Security Monarchs now fear revolution Conservatives regain control Concert of Europe Alliances to help each other if revolutions broke out Conservatives regain control Set ideas of self government in motion
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lTTvKwCylFY Questions?