Headings Vocabulary Important Info Bacteria Headings Vocabulary Important Info

Bacteria: All Prokaryotic ! No nucleus or organelles All in one of two Kingdoms: Archaebacteria Eubacteria

Kingdom Archaebacteria “Extremists” Methane-Producing: anaerobic; live in swamps, cows stomachs; sewer plants Salt-Loving: in Great Salt Lake Heat & Acid Loving: in deep sea vents over 100ºC

Kingdom Eubacteria All other prokaryotes; “bacteria” Heterotrophs: eat food around them Autotrophs: photosynthesis OR chemosynthesis Most are helpful NOT harmful

Structure of Bacteria One circular chromosome Strong cell wall: prevents them from bursting Antibiotics punch holes in cell wall = bacterial death Gram +: stain purple Gram -: stain pink

Spheres: “coccus” Rods: “bacillus” Spirals: “spirillis” Shapes of Bacteria Spheres: “coccus” Rods: “bacillus” Spirals: “spirillis” Streptococcus pneumoniae Bacillus anthracis Borrelia burgdorferi

Reproduction of Bacteria Binary Fission: asexual reproduction-no DNA exchange Conjugation: sexual reproduction DNA is transferred by a “ pilus”(bridge) Some can reproduce every 20 minutes!

Adaptations of Bacteria Some bacteria require oxygen: obligate aerobes Other bacteria are killed by oxygen: obligate anaerobes When faced with tough conditions; some form endospores: tough coating with DNA inside Endopores resist drying out; extreme temperatures and chemicals

Adaptations of Bacteria Botulism: caused by endospores in improperly canned food Tetanus: caused by endospores entering puncture wound

Importance of Bacteria Recycling: breakdown of wastes; dead organisms Food: Swiss cheese, pickles, yogurt, vinegar, sauerkraut Medicine: used to produce antibiotics and insulin