Essentials of Public Speaking Supporting Your Ideas Chapter 6 Essentials of Public Speaking Cheryl Hamilton 5th Edition Cheryl Hamilton, Ph.D. Chapter 6 – Supporting Your Ideas

Chapter 6 – Supporting Your Ideas Key Ideas The seven types of supports Identify which supports are used for clarification and for both clarification and proof Identify supports that are overused Identify supports that are underused Chapter 6 – Supporting Your Ideas

Chapter 1 – Public Speaking, Ethics & You Flashback The ancient Greek writer Aesop is credited with writing numerous fables —such as “The Hare and the Tortoise” and “The Boy Who Cried Wolf”—that are still enjoyed today. Chapter 1 – Public Speaking, Ethics & You

Chapter 6 – Supporting Your Ideas Types of Support Visual – used to clarify and add interest Computer generated graphics Charts Maps Models Pictures Chapter 6 – Supporting Your Ideas

Chapter 6 – Supporting Your Ideas Types of Support Verbal – used to clarify, prove and add interest Explanations Statistics Brief or detailed examples Comparisons Expert opinion Simple demonstrations Fables, sayings, poems and rhymes Chapter 6 – Supporting Your Ideas

Reasons for Using Support For clarification only Explanation Hypothetical examples Figurative comparisons Fables, sayings, rhymes, poems Demonstration For clarification and proof Statistics Factual examples (detailed or brief) Literal comparisons (only weak proof) Expert opinion Chapter 6 – Supporting Your Ideas

Tips for Using Support Effectively Use a variety of supports Use a minimum of two types of supporting material per point Look for supports that clarify Look for supports that prove Don’t use too much explanation Chapter 6 – Supporting Your Ideas

Chapter 6 – Supporting Your Ideas Supports Overused: Statistics Explainations Use these with care. . . Chapter 6 – Supporting Your Ideas

Chapter 6 – Supporting Your Ideas Explanations Definition - make relationships clear; define terms; give instructions. Tips for using explanation Use sparingly (often dull) Keep brief but specific Follow with the words, “for instanced” Use to clarify NOT to prove Can be replaced with other types of support such as quotes Chapter 6 – Supporting Your Ideas

Chapter 6 – Supporting Your Ideas Statistics Definition – numbers used show the relationship between items Tips for using Eliminate statistics that are not necessary Relate to listeners’ frame of reference Round off numbers Demonstrate credibility of your statistics Present graphically when possible Chapter 6 – Supporting Your Ideas

Fable/Saying/Poem/Rhyme Supports Underused: Comparisons Instances Expert Opinion Demonstration Fable/Saying/Poem/Rhyme Use these more often! Chapter 6 – Supporting Your Ideas

Chapter 6 – Supporting Your Ideas Instances Definition - Examples or illustrations about things, people or events (brief, detailed, factual, or hypothetical). Types of instances Hypothetical (made up, but possible) Factual (actual happened) Brief (called examples) Detailed (called illustrations) Chapter 6 – Supporting Your Ideas

Chapter 6 – Supporting Your Ideas Instances Tips for using Use instances to clarify ideas, add interest or prove points. When brief, use 2 or more at a time. When detailed, make them vivid. Use topic variety (family, famous, business, & humorous) For proof, use with other supports. Chapter 6 – Supporting Your Ideas

Chapter 6 – Supporting Your Ideas Comparisons Definition – clarify by comparing and contrasting things unknown to things known Types of comparisons Literal Shows similarities and differences between two or more items of the same class or category Salt-water fish and fresh-water fish Figurative Shows similarities and differences between two or more items of different classes or categories Mayor of a city to the skipper on a boat Chapter 6 – Supporting Your Ideas

Chapter 6 – Supporting Your Ideas Comparisons Tips for using Compare or contrast an unfamiliar idea with one familiar to the audience Especially good for clarifying the unfamiliar Excellent way to add variety & interest. Best if relate to audience experiences Chapter 6 – Supporting Your Ideas

Chapter 6 – Supporting Your Ideas Expert Opinion Definition – ideas from another person who is a a recognized expert in a field that are paraphrased or quoted directly Tips for using Can be quoted or paraphrased Keep quotes brief Read quotes in a natural, convincing way. Select experts that impress your audience. Cite expert’s qualifications & source. Follow with brief summary or explanation. Chapter 6 – Supporting Your Ideas

Fable, Saying, Rhyme, Poem Supports that add interest and clarification to all parts of the speech A fable is a fictitious story, usually with animal characters, meant to teach a moral lesson. Tips for using Use to add interest and clarify meanings Read with enthusiasm and vocal variety Especially effective when they are familiar Chapter 6 – Supporting Your Ideas

Chapter 6 – Supporting Your Ideas Demonstrations Definition - A visual explanation or “how to” using objects, people or both. Tips for using Keep brief (usually 30 seconds or less) Practice for a smooth performance. Maintain direct eye contact. Avoid dangerous or messy presentations. Chapter 6 – Supporting Your Ideas

Essentials of Public Speaking Supporting Your Ideas Chapter 6 Essentials of Public Speaking Cheryl Hamilton 5th Edition Cheryl Hamilton, Ph.D. Chapter 6 – Supporting Your Ideas