Section 2 Chapter 22 The New Deal Mr. Riddlebarger The Second New Deal Section 2 Chapter 22 The New Deal Mr. Riddlebarger

“Detailed plans and specifications for making it work”

How do you restore hope to the hopeless? The New Deal did not make the Great Depression vanish. Yet the sense of forward movement it created did help to generate hope. In the Second New Deal, the government increased its commitment to work- relief programs such as the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC). These programs helped give millions of Americans a new outlook on life. The men in these camps gained new job skills, government-sponsored education, new friendships and more. Their work equipped them with the skills necessary to cope with life’s problems.

Impact of 1st New Deal While not ending the Depression, the New Deal did provide people with a sense of hope. Programs like CCC provide an income to Americans as well as a sense of purpose. Popularity of programs allows Democrats to gain additional seats in Congress from 1934 elections. 2nd New Deal will focus more on work-for-pay.

Works Progress Administration WPA employed 8.5 million Americans in variety of public-works projects Built roads, subways, airports, zoos Worked in offices, schools Funded artists, actors, composers “You worked, you got a paycheck and you had some dignity.”

Social Security The centerpiece of the second New Deal was the Social Security Act (1938) It created Social Security Provided a pension for many people 65 or older Retired workers no longer needed to fear hunger and homelessness once they were too old to work. Also included system of unemployment insurance.

Reviving Organized Labor Passage of NIRA in first New Deal was major step forward. Workers guaranteed rights to form unions Many businesses ignore rules Wagner Act Outlaws anti-Union practices Establishes National Labor Relations Board Organized labor membership surges

CIO is born Wagner Act coincides with major change in American labor movement. New Union devoted to interests of industrial workers challenges AFL AFL looked down on unskilled labor Congress for Industrial Organization (CIO) breaks from AFL in 1935 led by John Lewis Supports unskilled labor

G-M Sit-Down Strike 1936: New strategy tried: workers simply sit down on the job and stop working (sit-down strike) Workers had to stay at factory day & night until strike is resolved. GM couldn’t use force to take back factory as that may lead to damage of equipment inside. After 6 weeks, GM gives in & agree to recognize union Big victory for labor *CIO becomes major labor force in US Photo: wikipedia.com

Election of 1936 FDR campaigns on record of solid achievement Kansas Governor Alf Landon is Republican opponent. FDR ignores him. FDR wins easily & Democrats gain seats in both houses of Congress. *** African-Americans shift in vote (REP to DEM)

A Troubled Year-1936 Court -Packing Plan Determined to overcome obstacles to his programs, FDR makes serious missteps. Frustration with the courts striking down parts of New Deal, FDR comes up with plan to reorganize court system. Includes plan for increasing size of Supreme Court (allowing FDR to appoint favorable justices)

Court Plan Fails Many, including FDR supporters see it as a scheme to upset balance of power. Checks & balances Many supporters desert FDR and plan fails.

Recovery in Doubt Economy suffers another setback in fall of 1937. Stock Market drop leads to 2 million job cuts. FDR looks for money to help unemployment but fears growing deficit Economy rebounds in summer of 1938