Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Concept 22 Cancer, Diabetes, and Other Health Threats Many health problems that cause pain, suffering, and premature death are associated with unhealthy lifestyles. © 2013 McGraw-Hill Companies. All Rights Reserved. McGraw-Hill Concept 22 2

Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Presentation Overview Cancer Diabetes Injuries Emotional disorders Principles of prevention Discussion Activity 22-2 Concept 22

Sources Contributing to Early Death Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Sources Contributing to Early Death HEALTH CARE LIFESTYLE HEREDITY ENVIRONMENT 22-3 Concept 22 5

Causes of Death in Young Adults Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Causes of Death in Young Adults Injuries Homicide Suicide Accidents AIDS 22-4 Concept 22 4

Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Cancer Disease of the DNA 2nd leading cause of death Over 100 different types, but the “Big 4” account for more than half of the illness and death caused by cancer Lung (#1 for both males and females) Prostate (#2 for males) Breast (#2 for females) Colon (#3 for both males and females) 22-5 Concept 22 9

Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Cancer Incidence 22-6 Concept 22

Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Causes of Cancer Med. Products Industrial Prod. Nearly 65% of all cancers are attributable to or related to diet and tobacco! Pollution Geophysical Alcohol Occupation Sexual Behav. Tobacco Diet 5 10 15 20 25 30 35 22-7 Concept 22 12

Reducing Risks of Cancer Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Reducing Risks of Cancer Click for Lab 22a info Do not smoke or chew tobacco Eat a good diet Avoid high fat foods Eat high fiber foods and cruciferous vegetables Avoid smoked or cured foods Limit alcohol intake Get regular physical activity Decrease exposure to carcinogens Radon, asbestos, carbon monoxide, pollution, pesticides, X-rays, and sunlight Click for info on environmental carcinogens 22-8 Concept 22 13

Warning Signs for for Cancer Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e Click for Lab 22b info McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Warning Signs for for Cancer CAUTION: C Changes in bowel or bladder habits A A sore that does not heal U Unusual bleeding or discharge T Thickening or lump (e.g., breast) I Indigestion or difficulty swallowing O Obvious change in a wart or mole N Nagging cough or hoarseness Follow appropriate screening guidelines – See Table 1 22-9 Concept 22

Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com The Road to Skin Cancer Slip, Slop, Slap, and Wrap A B C D E F 22-10 Photo: Creative Commons Flickr Concept 22

Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Diabetes Mellitus A leading cause of morbidity and mortality Increased risk of CHD Increased risk of kidney failure Increased risk of blindness Increased risk of circulatory problems 22-11 Concept 22 16

Types of Diabetes Mellitus Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Types of Diabetes Mellitus Pre-diabetes Blood glucose levels 101-125 Diabetes - blood glucose >125 Type I (juvenile onset) Pancreas fails to produce insulin Type II (adult onset) (95% of diabetics) Lack of sensitivity to insulin Often caused by obesity 22-12 Concept 22 15

Reducing Diabetes Risk Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Reducing Diabetes Risk Low fat / low sugar diet Maintain healthy weight Regular exercise 22-13 Photo: Creative Commons Flickr Concept 22 17

Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Injuries 5th leading cause of death among people of all ages Leading cause of death among younger segments of the population Alcohol is “intimately associated” with the causes and severity of injuries Steps to reduce injuries 22-14 Concept 22 18

Mental (Emotional) Disorders Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Mental (Emotional) Disorders Types of Mental Disorders Suicide Schizophrenia Sleep disorders Panic disorders, alcohol & other drug problems, personality disorders, & phobias Depression (more on next slide) 22-15 Concept 22 20

Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e Depression McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Feelings of guilt, hopelessness, low self-esteem, and dejection Trouble sleeping, loss of appetite Lack of interest in social activities, lack of interest in sex, and inability to concentrate Treatment of depression Exercising regularly More social contact Changing situation Setting realistic goals Stress-management techniques 22-16 Concept 22

Principles of Prevention Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Principles of Prevention Self-assessments and regular medical exams Staying current with new health information Adhering to sound medical advice is important for disease prevention and treatment 22-17 Concept 22 22

Supplemental Information Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Supplemental Information Lab Information Discussion Activity 22-18 Concept 22 Concept 22 18

Lab 22a Information Determining Your Cancer Risk Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Lab 22a Information Determining Your Cancer Risk Return to presentation Complete the cancer risk profile Calculate summary risk scores for each cancer subtype Discuss whether there is any preventive action you can take to reduce your risk of cancer in the future 22-19 Concept 22

Lab 22b Information Breast and Testicular Self-Exams Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Lab 22b Information Breast and Testicular Self-Exams Return to presentation Complete the appropriate test for your gender Answer questions based on how you perceive your ability to conduct this regular test 22-20 Concept 22

Environmental Carcinogens Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e Click for more info on pesticides McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Environmental Carcinogens Return to presentation Radon: Leaches out of soil Asbestos: Used in older types of insulation Carbon monoxide: Found in cigarettes and produced in auto emissions X-rays Pesticides 22-21 Concept 22

Reducing Exposure to Pesticides Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Reducing Exposure to Pesticides Return to presentation Buy organic produce Buy local produce Buy seasonal produce Wash all produce Eat lower on food chain 22-22 Photo: Creative Commons Flickr Concept 22 16

Concepts of Fitness & Wellness 8e Return to presentation McGraw Hill - www.mhhe.com Discussion Activity When you hear “cancer prevention,” what comes to mind? 22-23 Concept 22