Sophocles The Greatest of Greek Playwrights

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Presentation transcript:

Sophocles The Greatest of Greek Playwrights

496 – 406 BC ? Wrote 120 tragedies Festival of Dionysus Moral lesson Introduced painted sets “Theban Tragedies” 40 years King Oedipus of Thebes Started with Antigone

The Greeks…

Characteristics of the CHORUS 15 men Sang lyric poetry Performing was regarded as a civic duty Wore robes and masks

Function of the CHORUS Often the voice of reason in the play Reflected upon what happened Asked or answered questions Advised central characters Separated scenes of action

Terms for Greek Theatre Antistrophe Strophe Choragos Ode Orchestra Parados Paean Prologue Skene Theatron Thespian Tragedy (see Aristotle)

The Greeks… Were notable for clarity of thought Symmetrical, logical, balanced = UNITY The Golden Mean Purpose of drama was to entertain, educate and raise questions Ambiguous: what is right? Wrong?

Aristotle: The Poetics Mimesis: tragedies are imitations of real life Plot is all important: a cause-and-effect chain of actions The plot can not depend of coincidences

FORM is IMPORTANT There must be complete UNITY: Climax Time Place Action Climax Rising Action Falling Action Inciting Incident Exposition Denouement (Freytag’s Pyramid)

Aristotle: The Poetics Desis: the character makes a choice The rising action that leads to the climax must be caused directly by the character’s choices. The resolution (lusis) must solve or resolve the problem created during the inciting incident.

Aristotle and Tragedy The more richness and themes, the greater the value Think of your different lenses and Ethan Frome (many themes) Aristotle argues for BOTH a reversal of fortune (peripeteia) and a moment of recognition (anagnorisis)

Aristotle: THE POETICS The function of tragedy is to arouse pity and fear in the audience so that we may be purged, or cleansed, of these unsettling emotions - Catharsis Tragic Hero Hamartia: flaw in the character (tragic flaw)

Why read TRAGEDY? Strength of character Perseverance Courage Inspiration The dignity of the human spirit

According to Aristotle: Aristotle hypothesizes that the audience will be bale to cleanse themselves of the same flaws as the characters (catharsis) Aristotle’s theory of Tragedy intends to teach the audience about themselves by showing the dangers of not knowing themselves.

Oedipus Rex