Grab a Chrome Book when finished. Bell Ringer: 3/4/17 Objective: Identify the three factors that impact enzyme functionality. Question: Identify five functions of proteins. State the four macromolecules and the monomers of each. Grab a Chrome Book when finished.

Amoeba Sisters: Enzymes YouTube: “Enzymes: The Proteins that remind us of pac-man”

Enzyme Notes: “Helper” Protein molecules

Flow of energy through life Life is built on chemical reactions Reactions can occur when bonds are broken or attached in order to create new molecules. What are some chemical reactions that you can think of?  Breaking down lactose, glucose etc.

Nothing works without enzymes! How important are enzymes? all chemical reactions in living organisms require enzymes to work building molecules synthesis enzymes breaking down molecules digestive enzymes enzymes speed up reactions “catalysts” enzyme + enzyme +

Why Use Enzymes?? Enzymes lower the activation energy of reactions They make it “cheaper” What reaction is taking place in this chart?

Enzymes are proteins Each enzyme is the specific helper to a specific reaction each enzyme needs to be the right shape for the job enzymes are named for the reaction they help sucrase breaks down sucrose protease breakdown proteins lipase breakdown lipids DNA polymerase builds DNA What do these enzymes end in?

Enzymes aren’t used up Enzymes are not changed by the reaction used only temporarily re-used again for the same reaction with other molecules very little enzyme needed to help in many reactions

Key Terms Enzyme: Substrate: Active Site: Part on the protein that substrate connects to. Product: protein that acts as a catalyst (helps reactions occur) molecule that is being broken down or built What the enzyme helps produce from the reaction. product substrate enzyme active site

It’s shape that matters! Lock & Key model shape of protein allows enzyme & substrate to fit specific enzyme for each specific reaction

What affects enzyme action? Correct protein structure correct order of amino acids (Why?) Temperature Too hot =DENATURE Too cold = slow down pH (acids & bases) Does pH impact shape?

Order of amino acids Wrong order = wrong shape = can’t do its job! DNA folded protein chain of amino acids DNA right shape! folded protein chain of amino acids DNA wrong shape!

Temperature Effect on rates of enzyme activity Optimum temperature greatest number of collisions between enzyme & substrate human enzymes 35°- 40°C (body temp = 37°C) Raise temperature (boiling) denature protein = unfold = lose shape Lower temperature T° molecules move slower fewer collisions between enzyme & substrate

Temperature human enzymes reaction rate 20 50 temperature 37° What would happen to the reaction of the temperature was 50 degrees? What would happen to the reaction if the temperature was 20 degrees? 20 50 temperature

pH Effect on rates of enzyme activity changes in pH changes protein shape most human enzymes = pH 6-8 depends on where in body pepsin (stomach) = pH 3 trypsin (small intestines) = pH 8

Wait…What is pH? 1-6 7 Acidic Potential of Hydrogen 8-12 Basic Measure of the amount of hydrogen in a solution. The more hydrogen atoms the higher the pH. The less hydrogen atoms makes a lower pH. 1-6 7 8-12 Acidic Neutral Basic

Let’s pause notes and test pH.

Pink cup = lemon juice White cup = milk Green cup = Ammonia Extra cups used for lab. Don’t cross pipettes. Use small squares of pH paper. READ CAREFULLY!

Bell Ringer 3/7/17 Objective: Discuss the organic compounds and create concept maps relating the material. Question: Complete the chart below Macromolecule Building Block Function(s) Examples Protein Monosaccharide Insulation DNA

What did we find? Examples of acid: Examples of base: What happens when we blend substances?

How does my body regulate pH? Buffers: Responsible for grabbing extra hydrogens and bringing pH back to normal. Example: Sodium Bicarbonate is a buffer that removes excess hydrogen from our blood

pH stomach pepsin intestines trypsin reaction rate pH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 What’s happening here?! reaction rate 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 pH

For enzymes… What matters? SHAPE! 2009-2010

Building & Working Protein Using your Chrome book research a working protein. State the name of your protein. Describe its function. What is it used for? Write 4 facts about your protein.

FIRST SEPARATE INTO FIVE PILES Lipid Protein Nucleic Acid Carbohydrate Connector Words

SECOND Create a concept map on your lab table. Then… Stations 1 & 2: Carbohydrates Station 3 & 4: Lipids Station 5 & 6: Proteins Station 7: Nucleic Acids

DDDDEEEAAARRRRRR DDAAAYYY!!

Enzyme Hand

Closure: What does the lock and key model mean? What does denature mean? What three things can denature an enzyme? What are the four functions of a protein? What process breaks apart amino acids?