Enzymes

To learn how enzymes work Learning Intention To learn how enzymes work

Enzymes: what we know Enzymes are BIOLOGICAL CATALYSTS which speed up BIOCHEMICAL reactions Can be split into TWO categories: - Synthesising Enzymes - Degradation Enzymes

Synthesising Enzymes Enzymes which involved in reactions where small molecules join together to make a larger molecule An example of a synthesising enzyme is PHOSPHORYLASE which catalyses the reaction of glucose-1-phosphate molecules being built up into starch

What does the work degradation mean? Degradation enzymes What does the work degradation mean?

Catalyse the breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules Degradation enzymes Catalyse the breakdown of large molecules into smaller molecules

What degradation enzymes have we looked at so far?

Hydrogen peroxide Water + Oxygen Starch Sugar (maltose) Degradation enzymes CATALASE Hydrogen peroxide Water + Oxygen Starch Sugar (maltose) AMYLASE

Looking closer.. amylase Starch Sugar (maltose) The molecules which are involved in a chemical reaction in a cell are the SUBSTRATE, the ENZYME and the PRODUCT

Amylase reaction Substrate - Long starch molecule Enzyme - AMYLASE- fits (like a jigsaw) with the substrate Product - Maltose molecules and unchanged enzyme

Other degradation reactions PROTEINS are broken into small PEPTIDE molecules (catalysed by PEPSIN) FATS are broken into FATTY ACIDS and GLYCEROL (catalysed by LIPASE) Fill in the information on page 10 of notes

Synthesis and Degradation enzymes Write a paragraph in your jotter comparing degradation enzymes and synthesising enzymes- make sure to include examples (substrate- enzyme-product)

How do enzymes work? Like catalysts: -Enzymes speed up biochemical reactions - Are not changed or used up - Lower the input energy needed

Enzymes Enzymes are made of proteins- examples of GLOBULAR PROTEINS Different enzymes have different shapes depending on the arrangement (order) of the protein

The active site On the surface of the enzyme there is an active site. Active site is the specific shape of the specific substrate Enzyme Substrate