Aim: Enzymes & Nucleic Acids Enter Date Aim: Enzymes & Nucleic Acids Warm-up: HW:

Enzymes Enzymes help speed up chemical reactions in our bodies. In the chemical reaction, they are known as the catalyst. The catalyst makes the time it takes for the reaction to occur much less.

Why is this important? When you get injured, your body releases a hormone called Cortizone. The body needs to be able to release this hormone quickly. Enzymes can make this reaction lightening fast if they act as a catalyst.

Enzymes are Proteins Needs to be the right shape for the job Ex: sucrase breaks down sucrose proteases breakdown proteins lipases breakdown lipids ENZYMES END in ASE

Enzymes aren’t used up Not changed by the reaction Used only temporarily Re-used again for the same reaction with other molecules substrate product active site enzyme

Nothing works without enzymes! How important are enzymes? all chemical reactions in living organisms require enzymes to work enzyme + enzyme +

Examples synthesis enzyme + digestion enzyme +

Enzyme Vocabulary Enzyme Substrate Active site helper molecule molecule that enzymes work on Active site part of enzyme that substrate molecule fits into

It’s shape that matters! Lock & Key model SHAPE of protein allows enzyme & substrate to fit CHEMICALLY SPECIFIC

1 2 3

What affects enzyme action? Temperature pH (acids & bases) Substrate concentration CHANGE the Shape CAN’T DO IT’S JOB

Temperature pH pH changes protein shape most human enzymes = pH 6-8 Optimum temperature human enzymes = 35°- 40°C (body temp = 37°C) pH pH changes protein shape most human enzymes = pH 6-8

Temperature 37° reaction rate temperature

pH 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 stomach pepsin intestines trypsin reaction rate 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 pH Acidic Basic

Denaturation Enzymes will denature when the temperature is too high. Causes a change in shape.

Watson and Crick … and others… 1953 | 1962 Watson and Crick … and others…

Nucleic Acids Examples DNA RNA DeoxyriboNucleic Acid RiboNucleic Acid

Function: genetic material Stores information Transfers information genes blueprint for building proteins Transfers information blueprint for new cells blueprint for next generation DNA proteins

5 different nucleotides Building block = nucleotides nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide – nucleotide 5 different nucleotides different nitrogen bases phosphate sugar N base