Chapter 8: Metabolism.

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
An Introduction to Metabolism Chapter 6: Special Proteins Called Enzymes.
Advertisements

Chapter 8: An introduction to Metabolism
The chemistry of life is organized into metabolic pathway
METABOLISM.
Unit 2 Metabolic Processes. Metabolism Living organisms must constantly capture, store and use energy to carry out the functions of life. At any given.
Energy - The ability to do work Needed by all living things There are different forms of energy Light Heat Electrical Sound.
Chapter 6 Metabolism and Energy.
 The Basis of metabolism The Basis of metabolism  Forms of Energy Forms of Energy  Laws of Energy Transformation Laws of Energy Transformation  Structure,
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell.
Metabolism Chapter 8 Review.
AN INTRODUCTION TO METABOLISM. Metabolism, Energy, and Life 1.The chemistry of life is organized into metabolic pathways 2.Organisms transform energy.
CHAPTER 6 AN INTRODUCTION TO METABOLISM Metabolism, Energy, and Life 1.The chemistry of life is organized into metabolic pathways 2.Organisms transform.
Directions and Rates of Biochemical Processes. Copyright © 2005 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Benjamin Cummings Figure 8.2 Transformations between.
Energetics Fueling Life. Energy takes various forms MECHANICAL L.
Chemical Reactions and Enzymes Chapter 8: An Introduction to Metabolism.
Unit 2: Metabolic Processes Metabolism and Energy.
The Working Cell: Metabolism, Energy and Enzymes Chapter 5.
Free Energy All living systems require constant input of free energy.
C HAPTER 6 W ARM -U P 1. Define metabolism. 2. List 3 forms of energy. 3. Where does the energy available for nearly all living things on earth come from?
An Introduction to Metabolism. Metabolism is the totality of an organism’s chemical reactions ◦ Manage the materials and energy resources of a cell.
Metabolism Lecture 5, part 1 Fall Metabolism All the biochemical process within an organism that maintain life and contribute to growth Emergent.
C HAPTER 8 An Introduction to Metabolism. W HAT Y OU N EED T O K NOW : Examples of endergonic and exergonic reactions. The key role of ATP in energy coupling.
ENERGY Intro to Cellular Metabolism. Metabolism: Metabolism – totality of an organism’s chemical reactions Catabolic pathways – metabolic path that releases.
The Chapter 6 Homework is due on Wednesday, October 21 st at 11:59 pm.
Thermodynamics / Free Energy & ATP
Copyright © 2008 Pearson Education, Inc., publishing as Pearson Benjamin Cummings PowerPoint ® Lecture Presentations for Biology Eighth Edition Neil Campbell.
Overview: The Energy of Life The living cell is a miniature chemical factory where thousands of reactions occur The cell extracts energy and applies energy.
Ch. 8 An Introduction to Metabolism. A organism’s metabolism is subject to thermodynamic laws The totality of an organism’s chemical reactions is called.
Chapter 8 An Introduction to Metabolism. Overview: The Energy of Life The living cell is a miniature chemical factory where thousands of reactions occur.
LEQ: What is the role of ATP in cellular activities?
Chapter 8 Intro to Metabolism Energy of Life Living cell is a chemical factory - sugars converted to amino acids then linked together to form proteins.
Energy and Matter, Their Laws, and How they are Used in Biological Systems.
What Is Metabolism???  Thousands of chemical reactions that occur in the cell  Concerned with the managing of materials and energy resources of the cell.
READING GUIDE: CH 8 - An Introduction to Metabolism
Metabolism: An Introduction
An Introduction to Metabolism
Gibbs Free E & ATP.
Chapter 8 Warm-Up Define the term “metabolism”.
ATP & Thermodynamics AP Biology Chapter 8.
AN INTRODUCTION TO METABOLISM
Chapter 3.1 McGraw-Hill Ryerson Biology 12 (2011)
Thermodynamics and Metabolism
Metabolism.
Metabolism and Energy SBI4U1.
Thermodynamics and Metabolism
The chemical activities of the cell.
6 An Introduction to Metabolism.
6 An Introduction to Metabolism.
An Introduction to Metabolism
Chapter 8 Warm-Up Define the term “metabolism”.
Chapter 8 Warm-Up Define the term “metabolism”.
An Introduction to Metabolism
The Chapter 6 Homework is due Sunday, October 21 at 11:59 pm.
Cellular Energy and Metabolism
An Introduction to Metabolism
Chapter 8 Warm-Up Define the term “metabolism”.
Enzymes & Metabolism: Part 1 Unit 5
An Introduction to Metabolism
An Introduction to Metabolism
Figure 6.1 The complexity of metabolism
Chapter 8 Warm-Up Define metabolism. List 3 forms of energy.
All living things require energy
Summary of chemical reactions in a cell
Ch. 8 Warm-Up What are the 1st and 2nd laws of thermodynamics?
An Introduction to Metabolism
CHAPTER 6 AN INTRODUCTION TO METABOLISM
An Introduction to Metabolism
Biology 107 Introduction to Metabolism I
An Introduction to Metabolism
An Introduction to MetaBOlism
Presentation transcript:

Chapter 8: Metabolism

Metabolism Metabolism: The totality of an organisms chemical reactions Manages the material and energy resources of the cell Begin with molecule and end with product Catabolic pathway: Release of energy by breakdown of complex molecules to simpler compounds When digestive enzymes break down food Anabolic pathway: Consume energy to build complex molecules from simpler ones Building muscle fibers from amino acids in response to exorcise

Complexity of Metabolic Pathways

Anabolic vs Catabolic

Energy Energy is the capacity to do work Objects in motion possess kinetic energy Objects at rest possess potential energy Chemical energy: potential energy stored in the form of chemical bonds

Energy Kinetic energy is energy associated with motion Heat (thermal energy) is kinetic energy associated with random movement of atoms or molecules Potential energy is energy that matter possesses because of its location or structure Chemical energy is potential energy available for release in a chemical reaction

Energy

Thermo Dynamics The study of energy transformations that occur in matter Closed systems verses open systems Organisms are open systems The two laws NUMERO UNO: principal of conservation of energy Energy can be transferred and transformed, but it cannot be created or destroyed NUMERO DOS: Every energy transformation or transfer increases the entropy (disorder) of the universe

Thermodynamics During energy transfer energy is often lost in the form of heat, sound, friction, and so on. Think of all the energy lost as a car accelerates

Free Energy Free energy: the part of a systems energy that is able to perform work when the temperature of a system is uniform. EXERgonic reaction: Energy is released Energy is released Occur spontaneously Release free energy into the system ENDERgonic reaction: Requires energy Absorbs free energy from the system

The change in free energy (∆G) during a process is related to the change in enthalpy, or change in total energy (∆H), change in entropy (∆S), and temperature in Kelvin (T): ∆G = ∆H – T∆S Only processes with a negative ∆G are spontaneous Spontaneous processes can be harnessed to perform work Can use the free energy equation to determine if a reaction will occur spontaneously or not Very important when studying metabolism and trying to determine which reactions will happen spontaneously.

Free Energy Free energy measure of a system’s instability, tendency to change to more stable state During a spontaneous change, free energy decreases and stability of system increases Equilibrium: state of max stability A process is spontaneous and can perform work only when it is moving toward equilibrium

Free Energy Changes Processes are spontaneous and can do work only when they are moving toward equilibrium