What is glucose to a plant? What does it do? Why is it important?

Two types of Respiration: Anaerobic Respiration and Aerobic Respiration Anaerobic = without oxygen Aerobic = requires air (or with oxygen)

On a separate sheet of paper answer the following questions How do plants get energy and matter for growth? How is energy transferred from one form to another? How do plants get their energy from light sources? What are the inputs and outputs of photosynthesis? Why does photosynthesis only occur in the chloroplasts?

Anaerobic Respiration Anaerobic respiration: O2 NOT required Glucose: pyruvate and small amount of ATP ATP production ends glycolysis Pyruvate is converted into other molecules (fermentation) Anaerobic Respiration Aerobic Respiration Fermentation/Lactate Net ATP =2 Citric acid cycle= Krebs cycle Net ATP=36 http://bio1151.nicerweb.com/Locked/media/ch09/anaerobic.html

Vocab Fermentation: a cell has a short supply of oxygen (a body is running at full speed away from a lion ) will not use anaerobic respiration but will start fermentation Fermentation extends glycolysis with extra reactions that replenish NAD+, Keeps glycolysis running producing small amounts of ATP.

Two Types of Fermentation Lactic acid fermentation happens in bacteria, fungi, and animal cells. an anaerobic fermentation reaction In activities that require high amount of glucose to be consumed by our muscles (exercise), energy is obtained from anaerobic metabolism of pyruvate and the by-product is lactate

Two Types of Fermentation Lactic acid fermentation When we exercise, the amount of lactate produced exceeds the rate at which the muscles can remove it leads to an uncomfortable, burning sensation in the muscles, especially those of the arms and legs, and is not responsible for the muscle soreness experienced by the person the day after. In fact, the burning sensation is just a warning sign that we are doing something that is a bit too hot to handle for our muscles. Lactate The terms "lactate" and "lactic acid" are often used interchangeably, but there is a difference: lactic acid is an acid, which means it can release a hydrogen ion and bind with a positively charged sodium or potassium ion to form an acid salt. lactate production is part of the way your muscles get fuel to keep working, and exercising at too high an intensity for too long will lead to the buildup of lactic acid, which will make your working muscles burn.

Two Types of Fermentation Alcoholic Fermentation similar to lactic acid fermentation Instead of the pyruvate being reduced to lactate, it is reduced to ethanol, and lets off two molecules of CO2 along the way Used by: bacteria and yeast (yeast are fungi, btw). Humans "use" alcohol fermentation in another way, by using it to make bread, beer and wine.

Anaerobic Respiration No Oxygen Glycolysis extended Fermentation Only 2 ATP produced

Similarities and differences to anaerobic and aerobic respiration http://gottalovebio.wikispaces.com/H+Giavedoni

Biosynthesis ATP provides energy for biosynthesis reactions in cells Biosynthesis reactions form larger, more complex molecules from less-complex molecules Ex: starch from glucose Biosynthesis helps organisms to grow and maintain their structure Definition provided by definition bing.com biological production of chemical substances: the synthesis of chemical substances as the result of biological activity

Biosynthesis and Breakdown Metabolism: all chem. activities & changes that take place in the cell/organism All chem rxns in a cell are 2 types: Synthesis (biosynthesis): build up larger more complex molecules Breakdown/decomposition (decomp) rxns: break down larger molecules into smaller

Examples of Biosynthesis and Breakdown Build proteins from amino acids, which then build tissues, such as muscles and blood from proteins Breakdown: Cellular respiration, releases E & that E is provided from food

Importance of Food Provides E Organic Molecules for making sugar, amino acids, other compounds (cmpds) W/O Organ. Cmpnds cells could not repair or create new cells Photosynthesis provides food for producers How do heterotrophs get their food?

Digestion Digestion: breaking dwn larger molecules into smaller, simpler molecules Enzymes help break down of food Found in mouth, stomach, small intestine Speed up reactions Final digestion occrs in sm. Intestine

Sandwich process through digestion Contains: Carbs, proteins, fats sugar, amino acids, fatty acids These organic molecules then pass thru sm. Intest. Cell membrne to blood stream From blood stream go into cells

Conversions Compounds Converted to Fats: Proteins: 3-C molecule and fatty acids- which enter Krebs Amino acids

Whether a protein, carb, or fat, each organic molecule must be synthesized from the matter the organism takes in Then it must be broken down so that the organisms can use the necessary organic molecules and energy

On a separate sheet of paper answer the following questions How do plants get energy and matter for growth? How is energy transferred from one form to another? How do plants get their energy from light sources? What are the inputs and outputs of photosynthesis? Why does photosynthesis only occur in the chloroplasts?

Glucose is Plant Food So the main output for the plant in photosynthesis is glucose. Like making a sandwich for the plant. What do you think cellular respiration would be?

Cellular respiration Eating? What happens when you eat? Let’s revisit your inputs and outputs for cellular respiration.

Inputs out puts of cellular respiration C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP Inputs Outputs Cellular Respiration cellular respiration is a chemical process whereby the bonds of food molecules and oxygen molecules are broken and the bonds in new compounds are formed resulting in a net transfer of energy

Lets make a diagram Cellular Respiration inputs inputs inputs outputs Label all the inputs at the top of your diagram Label all the out puts at the bottom of your diagram inputs inputs inputs Cellular Respiration outputs outputs outputs

Cellular Respiration? Yup! Occurs within all living things plants and animals Is the process of breaking down glucose for energy Wait didn’t we just make glucose in photosynthesis? All that work we did and now we are going to break it down? Yup! Light Energy + 6 CO2 + 6 H2O  C6H12O6 + 6 O2 Look Familiar? Photosynthesis equation. C6H12O6 + 6 O2  6 CO2 + 6 H2O + ATP WHOA! Mind blown? Cellular Respiration Equation

Biosynthesis and Breakdown What is biosynthesis? What are organic macromolecules? What is glucose? Building up smaller simpler molecules into more complex molecules Building up smaller molecules into organic macromolecules and larger: example: amino acids built up to form proteins then built up to muscle) Large carbon based molecule, examples: Carbohydrates, lipids… Simple sugar or a carbohydrate

Biosynthesis and Breakdown So what are we building up? Photosynthesis: Then what occurs? What is Breakdown? What would be an example of Breakdown? Each plant and animal will experience, biosynthesis, breakdown, or both? Taking in CO2, H2O, light E to BUILD UP a molecule of glucose The Wrath of the Herbivores, OH THE HUMANITY!!!!!! Breaking up of large, complex, molecules into smaller, simpler molecules Cellular Respiration and digestion Both, building up organic macromolecules, and then breaking them down through, cellular Respiration and digestion

http://www.scienceclarified.com/Ex-Ga/Food-Web-and-Food-Chain.html

Carbon Cycle https://eo.ucar.edu/kids/green/cycles6.htm

Carbon Cycle Atmosphere Plants Food Chain Fossil Fuels Back into Atmosphere

Hydrologic Cycle http://www.srh.noaa.gov/jetstream/atmos/hydro.htm

Hydrologic Cycle Evaporation Condensation Precipitation Runoff Evapotranspiration Sublimation Infiltration