SG 4.2 notes Ideas about targets and terms:________________ All cells use energy to live, grow and reproduce Producers capture light energy from sun to make food through photosynthesis. Food supplies producers with energy Food from producers is source of energy for consumers that eat them Photosynthesis – chlorophyll is a green pigment in chloroplast that absorbs light energy Energy is used to change carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen molecules Glucose is a carbohydrate that stores energy CO2 + H2O + LIGHT ENERGY C6H12O6 + O2

SG 4.2 notes Organisms break down food to release stored energy Using oxygen- cellular respiration Without oxygen- fermentation Respiration – breathing oxygen in and carbon dioxide out Cellular respiration- most organisms use to get energy from food Oxygen is used to break down glucose into water and carbon dioxide, releasing its energy. Released energy is stored in molecules of ATP, but most is released as heat energy In eukaryotic cells, cellular respiration occurs in mitochondria C6H12O6 + O2 CO2 + H2O + ATP (energy)

SG 4.2 notes Fermentation- two ways of releasing energy from food without oxygen Lactic acid fermentation- occurs in muscle cells and in some fungi and bacteria Lactic acid makes muscles sore (the burn) after anaerobic exercise C6H12O6 C3H6O3 + ATP(energy) Ethanol fermentation- occurs in certain types of fungi and bacteria Produces ethanol (alcohol) and carbon dioxide C6H12O6 C2H6O + CO2 + ATP(energy)