Cell Organelles!

Cells Cells are the smallest living part that make up all living things. You and most living things are made of millions of cells.

Organelles Cells contain even smaller parts called organelles. Organelles are specialized to do one function for the cell. There are many different kinds of organelles

Two types of cells Prokaryotes Eukaryotes Unicellular No membrane bound structures Bacteria Eukaryotes Membrane-bound structures: organelles Mini organs

Eukaryote Prokaryote

Plasma Membrane “city border” Location: Surrounding the Cell Function: Gives the cell shape Protects the cell Regulates movement of substances in and out of the cell Found in plant and animal cells Can see under light microscope If you do see it under a light microscope you will not be able to see the details that you see here. We will talk about what it is made up of later

Ribosome “laborers” Location: Function: Present in: Free: floating in cytoplasm Attached: on the endoplasmic reticulum Function: assembles and makes proteins Present in: Plant and animal cells Visible under light microscope: No

Mitochondria “Power Plant” Location: Cytoplasm Function: Converts food into energy Present in: Plant and animal cells Visible with light microscope: Yes (if stain is applied)

Golgi Apparatus “Post Office” Location: cytoplasm Function: Shipping the goods created by the Endoplasmic reticulum Present in: Plant and animal cells Visible with light microscope? No

Rough and Smoot Endoplasmic Reticulum “Highways and road system” Location: Cytoplasm Present in: plant and animal Visible under light microscope: no Rough ER vs. Smooth ER (functions): ER: manufacters and transports Rough ER: has ribosomes attached Make proteins Smooth ER: Make lipids Folded like an accodian. A lot of surface area but does not take up much space. Example of accordian….

Chloroplast “solar energy plants” Location: cytoplasm Function: turn sunlight into energy Found: plants only See under light microscope Yes

Cytoskeleton “Steel frame” Location: within cytoplasm Function: support of the cell Found in: Plant and animal See with light microscope: N/A

Cilia and Flagella Location: on the plasma membrane Function: move cell or move items to the cell Found: animal only See with microscope: Yes Lung have cilia Flagella=whip-like tail Cilia=hair all over

Cell Wall “wall surrounding city” Location: Outside the cell Function: Protect the cell Give the cell shape Present in: Plants ONLY Visible under light microscope: YES

Lysosomes “waste disposal and recycling” Location: cytoplasm Function: dissolve and breakdown things like food, dead organelles, and foreign objects in the cell. Found in: Animal Plant Tadpole tails….

Vacuole “warehouses” Location: Function: Found in: cytoplasm Storage Plant and animal cells Yes… visible under a light microscope

Nucleus “Boss” or the “Brain” Location: in cytoplasm Function: holds the genetic material, called chromosomes, in most cells. chromosomes determine the characteristics of the cell, or individual person, plant, mushroom, or any living thing. Located in plants and animals Visible under microscope: YES

Elodea

Onion Cell

Cheek cell