Chronic Vagus Nerve Stimulation Improves Autonomic Control and Attenuates Systemic Inflammation and Heart Failure Progression in a Canine High-Rate Pacing.

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Chronic Vagus Nerve Stimulation Improves Autonomic Control and Attenuates Systemic Inflammation and Heart Failure Progression in a Canine High-Rate Pacing ModelCLINICAL PERSPECTIVE by Youhua Zhang, Zoran B. Popović, Steve Bibevski, Itaf Fakhry, Domenic A. Sica, David R. Van Wagoner, and Todor N. Mazgalev Circ Heart Fail Volume 2(6):692-699 November 1, 2009 Copyright © American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 1. Left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes and left ventricular ejection fraction at baseline, and at 4- and 8-week ventricular pacing in control and VNS-treated dogs. *P<0.05 versus control group. Figure 1. Left ventricular end-diastolic and end-systolic volumes and left ventricular ejection fraction at baseline, and at 4- and 8-week ventricular pacing in control and VNS-treated dogs. *P<0.05 versus control group. W indicates week; LVEDV, left ventricular end-diastolic volume; LVESV, left ventricular end-systolic volume; LVEF, left ventricular ejection fraction; VNS, vagus nerve stimulation. Youhua Zhang et al. Circ Heart Fail. 2009;2:692-699 Copyright © American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 2. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels at baseline, and at 4- and 8-week ventricular pacing in the control and VNS-treated dogs. Figure 2. Systolic and diastolic blood pressure levels at baseline, and at 4- and 8-week ventricular pacing in the control and VNS-treated dogs. W indicates week. SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; VNS, vagus nerve stimulation. Youhua Zhang et al. Circ Heart Fail. 2009;2:692-699 Copyright © American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 3. The upper panel shows an example of blood pressure and ECG traces recorded using the DSI telemetric device during baroreflex sensitivity test. Figure 3. The upper panel shows an example of blood pressure and ECG traces recorded using the DSI telemetric device during baroreflex sensitivity test. The lower panel shows the average data at baseline, at 4- and 8-week ventricular pacing in control and VNS-treated dogs. *P<0.05 versus control group. W indicates week; VNS, vagus nerve stimulation. Youhua Zhang et al. Circ Heart Fail. 2009;2:692-699 Copyright © American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved.

Figure 4. Plasma C-reactive protein, norepinephrine, and angiotensin II levels at baseline, at 4- and at 8-week ventricular pacing in control and VNS-treated dogs. *P<0.05 versus control group. Figure 4. Plasma C-reactive protein, norepinephrine, and angiotensin II levels at baseline, at 4- and at 8-week ventricular pacing in control and VNS-treated dogs. *P<0.05 versus control group. W indicates week; CRP, C-reactive protein; NE, norepinephrine; ANG II, angiotensin II. Before data analysis, square root transformation was applied for CRP, and logarithmic transformation was used for both NE and ANG II. Youhua Zhang et al. Circ Heart Fail. 2009;2:692-699 Copyright © American Heart Association, Inc. All rights reserved.