Human Body Systems

Body Organization Our bodies are organized: 1. organelle 2. cell 3. tissue 4. organ 5. organ system 6. organism

Body Systems The human body is made of many different systems – each used to _______ one or more __________ of the body. control functions The systems of the body must _________ with each other in order to maintain _____________. interact homeostasis Homeostasis = maintaining _________ body conditions _________ even though _________ conditions _______. internal constant external change

Body Systems _________: regulates the body with _________ impulses Nervous electrical __________: regulates the body with ___________ Endocrine hormones ____________: ___________ material throughout the body Circulatory transports ________: protects the body from disease (__________) Immune pathogens

_________: removes metabolic ________ Excretory wastes __________: breaks down _________ and ________ them into body Digestive nutrients absorbs ____________: exchanges the ______ used in cellular respiration Respiratory gases _________: shapes and _________ the body; stores __________ Skeletal protects minerals ___________: ________ body and _________ in body Muscular moves materials

Nervous System ________ and ____________ all body systems (known as ___________) and responds to both internal and external _______. Controls coordinates Regulation stimuli Stimulus = a ________ to which an organism __________ signal responds Response = a ________, _________ reaction to a stimulus single specific Major organs: _______, ___________, _______ brain spinal cord nerves

Basic Brain Science The human brain weighs about __ pounds and contains _______ of cells. 3 billions The basic signaling cell of the brain is the ______. neuron It is the ___________ between neurons that enables us to _____, ______, and maintain ____________. interaction move think homeostasis

Basic Brain Parts Cerebrum _________ – center of __________ thought, ________ and your _______. conscious learning senses Cerebellum __________ – responsible for ____________ your _________ or _________ muscles. coordinating voluntary skeletal Medulla _______ – controls all _________ functions. involuntary

You and Your Cerebrum Your cerebrum may control conscious thought, but the different _____ of the cerebrum process different information. lobes This allows us to ________ large amounts of information _______ and ______________. process quickly simultaneously THINK: What is involved in driving a car?

Your Brain

Keeping things in BALANCE! Your cerebellum is responsible for coordinating all the _______ that move your ________. muscles skeleton Think about the number of muscles involved in ________ upright! standing Your cerebellum needs _____ to learn to ______ your muscles – this is why _______ need to learn to ______ before they can _____. time control babies crawl walk

Medulla Oblongata + Pons The medulla oblongata controls all ___________ functions, like ________ and __________. involuntary breathing heart rate The medulla also connects the ______ to the ___________. brain spinal cord The pons receives information from your ________ and is involved in _______ control. senses motor

Nerve Messages… Dendrites _________ receive messages from other neurons. The ________ contains the cell’s ________. cell body nucleus The _____ carries a message _____ from the cell body. axon away Axon terminals -- the ____ of the nerve cell. end

One neuron growing a connection to a neighboring neuron… axon terminals axon dendrites cell body

Nerve cells do not _______ -- they are separated by a gap called a _________. touch synapse Electrical signals need ________ to transmit. Synapses have ____ contact! contact NO To _____ the synapse, nerve messages must change to a _________ signal. jump chemical

Messages sent along nerves are called __________, and they have both an __________ and a __________ component. impulses electrical chemical An _________ signal is sent from one end of a _________ to the other. electrical neuron The first neuron will secrete a ______________ -- a _________ that passes on the impulse to the next neuron. neurotransmitter chemical

Synapses The average neuron forms approximately _____ synapses with other neurons! 1,000 Neurons form ____ synapses or __________ synaptic connections in response to ______________! new strengthen life experiences This is the basis for ____________! LEARNING

Synapses The chemicals released into the synapses are called _______________. neurotransmitters Different neurotransmitters have different _________ and different _______ on the body. MOVIE http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s5ynZda6xr4 4: 51 min functions effects

Nerve cells have special _________ that can pick up only _________ neurotransmitters. receptors specific ***Almost like an _________ will only work with one _________... enzyme substrate When the _______ receives an impulse from the body, it will determine a _________ and send out a signal to the ______ organ or tissue. brain response target

There are two main parts to your nervous system: The _________ Nervous System consists of the _______ and ____________. Central brain spinal cord The __________ Nervous System consists of all the _______ that aren’t part of the brain & spinal cord. Peripheral nerves

Peripheral Nervous System Peripheral nerves can be separated into two groups: _________ neurons receive input from your ________ and send the messages to the ________. Sensory senses brain _______ neurons receive messages from the _______ and send them to target ________ or _______. Motor brain muscles organs

Reflexes Your spinal cord responds to ________ in the environment very ________! danger quickly Danger is sensed by your _________ neurons, an ________ is sent to the spinal cord, which sends a ______ to move your ______ out of the danger zone. sensory impulse signal body The message _________ the ______! bypasses brain **This is why you ______ before you actually ______ about it! move think

Soma-what? Your ________ nervous system regulates those activities that are under __________ control. Somatic conscious This includes movement of ________ muscles. skeletal Your ___________ nervous system regulates those activities that are _____ under conscious control! Autonomic NOT (Involuntary) Things like: __________, _________, etc. heart rate digestion

Autonomic The Autonomic nervous system has 2 parts: Sympathetic 2. ________________ Nervous System Parasympathetic Sympathetic is concerned with the ______ or ______ response. fight flight Car avertisement __________ heart rate, _______ digestion and ___________ of nutrients, increases the ability of _______ to _____. Increases slows absorption blood clot

Parasympathetic is the ________ of the sympathetic – to a point. opposite Once the ________ has passed, the parasympathetic nervous system ________ the changes caused by the sympathetic. danger reverses Heart rate ________, digestion _________, restores the ___________ of wastes. slows resumes elimination

Disorders Brain ______/_______: tumor cancer uncontrolled ________ in brain – will _________ brain tissue mitosis damage _________: Epilepsy burst of __________ electrical signals that can cause _________ abnormal seizures _____________: Alzheimer’s ____________ disease of ________ in brain – causes impaired ________, _________, __________ degenerative neurons memory actions confusion

Multiple sclerosis: degeneration of the ________ sheath that surrounds neurons. myelin Myelin allows the _________ part of the nerve impulse to travel ________ and not _________ with other impulses. electrical quickly interfere People lose the ability to ____________ with their ________ and _______. communicate muscles organs