Rodentia: Gnawing Mammals

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Presentation transcript:

Rodentia: Gnawing Mammals

Rodentia Checklist one pair of upper and lower incisors each enlarged, sharply beveled, ever-growing enamel on outer surface only diastama between incisors and premolars other skull features

Sciuridae: Squirrels

Gray Squirrel Sciurus caroliniensis melanistic (black) form in some areas Besides nuts, also eat flowers, bark, buds, bird eggs, insects, carrion

Fox Squirrel Sciurus niger “fox” refers to the reddish color less arboreal, favors more open habitats

Red Squirrel Tamiasciurus hudsonicus favors evergreens to mixed forests store unripe cones in middens also eat bird eggs, mushrooms loud and vocal

Southern Flying Squirrel Glaucomys volans more common of the two species glide rather than powered flight prefers deciduous woods diet of fungi, lichens, nuts, seeds, bird eggs, sap

Northern Flying Squirrel Glaucomys sabrinus prefer coniferous woods doesn’t hibernate eat hypogenous fungi susceptible to nematode parasite, Stongyloides robustus G. volans is less susceptible

Eastern Chipmunk Tamias striatus Facial stripes Cheek pouches 1 in east, 21 in west

Woodchuck Marmota monax are a ground squirrel AKA groundhog, whistle-pig true hibernators burrow up to 30’

Castoridae Beaver Castor canadensis our largest rodent perhaps most important animal in settling of North America tail slapping threat behavior can remain submerged 15 minutes

Cricetidae: Native Rats, Mice & Voles Largest family of NA mammals

Muskrat Ondatra zibethicus feed on cattails and aquatic plants actively scent-mark territories, hence the name domed huts tapered, hairless, scaly tail differs from beaver’s flat tail

Deer Mouse Peromyscus maniculatus

White-footed Mouse Peromyscus leucopus

Eastern Woodrat Neotoma floridana

Southern Red-backed Vole Clethrionomys gapperi

Meadow Vole Microtus pennsylvanicus

Rock Vole Microtus chrotorrhinus

Woodland Vole Microtus pinetorum

Southern Bog Lemming Synaptomys cooperi

Muridae: Old World Rats & Mice

Norway Rat (I) Rattus norvegicus

House Mouse (I) Mus musculus

Meadow Jumping Mouse Zapus hudsonius Zapodidae: Jumping Mice Meadow Jumping Mouse Zapus hudsonius

Woodland Jumping Mouse Napaeozapus insignis

Porcupine Erethizon dorsatum Erethizontidae: Porcupines Porcupine Erethizon dorsatum quills are modified hairs with barbed tip few predators except Fisher in winter, feed on inner bark of trees more varied diet in summer