Reconstruction and the New South “WITH malice toward none; with charity for all; with firmness in the right, as God gives us to see the right, let us strive on to finish the work we are now in…” ~Abraham Lincoln

Bell Ringer - Reading What are your expectations for life after the Civil War? What events define Reconstruction?

OBJECTIVES Describe the hopes and expectations that African Americans in the South had for their lives as freed people. Evaluate how the Black Codes affected freed people.

Discussion “Let a great earthquake swallow us up first! Let us leave our land and emigrate to any desert spot of the earth, rather than return to the Union.” ~Sarah Morgan How does this reflect some Southerners attitudes about joining the Union after the Civil War? What does this mean for the efforts that the North has to put forth to reunite the country?

Disease Devastation Ruins Crumbling Death Shattered economy Homeless Penniless

Presidential Reconstruction Lincoln’s Reconstruction Johnson’s Reconstruction Bring rebel states back quickly Offer amnesty – allows 10% to agree Wade-Davis Bill – allows majority to agree Large conspiracy leads to Lincoln’s assassination Nullify acts of secession Abolish slavery Refuse to pay any Confederate debts

The Old South Destroyed Freed people are eager for the future Establish churches, schools, legalize their marriage Find family members Most of all want land, want independence “40 acres and a mule”

Johnson wants to limit the actions of former slaves Black Codes Johnson wants to limit the actions of former slaves Black Codes aim to prevent blacks from achieving equality Reestablishing white control over blacks

Review How were Lincoln and Johnson’s plans for reconstruction different from one another? What did the freed people want the most after their release from bondage? How do we see the reestablishment of white control over blacks?

Congressional Reconstruction The Radicals come to power!

Bell Ringer Determine how the follow picture represents the expectations that freed people had after the Civil War.

Objectives Describe the issues that divided the Republicans during the early Reconstruction era. Explain why African Americans were crucial to the election of 1868.

Activity Respond to the questions on the sheet about the carpetbaggers, scalawags and the Freedmen’s Bureau

The Moderates Versus the Radicals Most moderates wanted to give equality, but no voting rights Radicals want to give out right to vote Frederick Douglass – leader in the antislavery cause Tries to advise Johnson Land reform was merely a dream for black men and women

Congress versus Johnson Groups unite as a result of postwar violence, despite Jackson Freedman’s Bureau Distribute food, clothing Johnson attempts to weaken the bureau, why? Equal citizenship starts with Civil Rights Act of 1866, ends with 14th Amendment

Assignment For your assignment you will need to design postcards about the following events. Land Reform, Scalawags, Carpetbaggers, The Freedman’s Bureau. You will need to write about the events that were discussed today as if you are living during that time period and relaying the information to someone you know. Designs on the front can symbolize the events.

The Lasting Effects of Reconstruction Johnson’s Impeachment Trial Reconstruction Acts 15th Amendment

Bell Ringer Pg. 146 (1-2)

Objectives Describe the issues that divided the Republicans during the early Reconstruction era. Explain why African Americans were crucial to the election of 1868.

Race riots become common in South Radical in Power Race riots become common in South Republicans keep control of Reconstruction, why?? Reconstruction Acts divide South into military districts

Presidential Impeachment Tenure of Office Act intended to protect policies of Reconstruction Johnson’s power broken after impeachment trial

Political Difficulties Emerge Election of 1868 Grant v. Democrats 15th Amendment provide right for black men to vote Rights limited through discriminatory actions

Review How are the moderates different from the radical Republicans? What does the Freedmen’s Bureau do for Reconstruction efforts? What did the Reconstruction Acts allow for? What opportunities are presented with the passage of the 13, 14, 15 amendments?

Reconstruction in the South The New South

Bell Ringer Some historians have described the effects of Reconstruction as “revolutionary.” What political, economic, and social changes would you expect from a “revolutionary” era?

Objectives Explain how African Americans attempted to improve their lives during the Reconstruction era. Describe why Reconstruction ended. Assess how Jim Crow laws and the Plessy v. Ferguson decision changed life for southern African Americans.

Reconstruction in the New South African American Activism Promising future ahead, elected into legislature

Reconstruction in the New South Reconstruction Government Carpetbaggers – Northerners heading south Scalawag – Southerners that support Reconstruction New funding

Terrorism in America The Ku Klux Klan Terrorist group to prevent blacks from voting Enforcement Acts combats terrorism with force

Change to Reconstruction Panic of 1873 – Economic depression Southern Redeemers Pass the Civil Rights Act of 1875 Election of 1876 leads to Compromise of 1877 Sharecropping = gain land, difficult to get out of poverty

Jim Crow: A Change in Life Attempts to take away rights, enforced segregation through Jim Crow Laws Plessy v. Ferguson – “separate but equal” Middle class emerges Madame C.J. Walker becomes a millionaire

Responding to Jim Crow Era BOOKER T. WASHINGTON IDA B. WELLS Focus on economic independence, do not protest Protest unfair treatment Keep public attention on the issue