Chapter 15

Growing differences between North and South By 1850 the political and social differences between N and S had increased...examples??? Tocqueville: French observer who pointed out that these differences were a result of slavery

Slave labor vs. Free labor Mason Dixon Line: border between Maryland and Penn; separated free states from slave states Wilmot Proviso: No slavery in any territories acquired from Mexico- But never passes Congress

Slave labor vs. Free labor Free-Soil Party: political party committed to stopping the expansion of slavery

Missouri Compromise

Compromise of 1850 NORTH GETS: 1) California admitted as a free state 2) Slave trade abolished in Washington D.C. SOUTH GETS: 1) POPULAR SOVEREIGNTY: Each new territory votes on whether or not to have slavery 2) Fugitive Slave Law: people in free states had to catch and return escaped slaves **rather than bringing peace, the compromise led to more conflict......

Uncle Tom’s Cabin Written in 1852 by Harriet Beecher Stowe Outlined the moral dilemma of slavery Wildly popular in the North Outraged Southerners

Kansas-Nebraska Act

Kansas-Nebraska Act: Ended the Missouri Compromise’s limits on slavery Northerners were outraged that slavery may be extended The Republican Party was formed in response to the Kansas-Nebraska Act One new Republican was Abraham Lincoln

Pottawatomie Massacre “Bleeding Kansas” The Sack of Lawrence Lawrence had become a center of antislavery activity A pro-slavery posse rode into Lawrence and looted and destroyed much of the town Pottawatomie Massacre John Brown was a committed abolitionist who went to Kansas, settling in a free-soil town there Outraged by what happened at Lawrence, Brown sought bloody revenge Executed 5 pro-slavery settlers

Sack of Lawrence

The Tragic Prelude

Bleeding Sumner

Attack at Harpers Ferry -John Brown and 21 followers in 1859 attack a U.S. arsenal at Harpers Ferry, Virginia. -They planned to use the guns to arm a slave revolt -Armed local townspeople followed by U.S. Marines fought Brown and his group. -Brown and his surviving followers were tried; all found guilty -Brown was hanged December 2, 1859. **John Brown becomes a Martyr for abolition**

John Brown’s Raid

The Dred-Scott Case The Dred Scott decision Scott was a slave suing for his freedom The Supreme Court ruled against Dred Scott, with the argument that by living where slavery was illegal, he had become free. Southerners saw the Dred Scott decision as a victory. Northerners feared that slavery could now not be banned in any territory.

Lincoln -Douglas Debates Abraham Lincoln vs. Stephen Douglas for a Senate seat Lincoln stressed the immorality of slavery in the debates. Stephen Douglas referred to Lincoln’s party as Black Republicans, pressing Lincoln on citizenship for blacks. Backed into a corner, Lincoln said, “I will say that I am not, nor have ever been in favor of bringing about in any way the social and political equality of the white and black races.”

Election of 1860 Electoral Popular 180 1,865,593 1,382,713 848,356 180 1,865,593 1,382,713 848,356 39 592,906

The Nation splits

Secession The states break apart! A month after Lincoln’s election, SC became the first state to secede, followed within months by MS, FL, AL, GA, LA, and TX. VA, NC, TN, and AR warned that if the federal government made any attempt to use force against a state, they would also secede.

Confederate States of America Davis becomes president Jefferson Davis was not happy to be President of the C.S.A. His sense of duty forced him to accept the position. Confederate government The new nation had no currency or even a press capable of making some. Constitution: States had more power than national gov., slavery protected The Confederacy was on shaky ground.