BULLYING AND MORE Presented by Dana Rahman Assistant District Attorney Harris County District Attorney’s Office

82nd Texas Legislative Session Many statutes amended and/or added during the session. Main provisions found in Texas Education Code.

Education Code Changes Legislature added Section 37.0832 of Education Code, which outlines bullying prevention policies and procedures Defines bullying as engaging in written or verbal expression, expression through electronic means, or physical conduct that occurs on school property, at a school-sponsored or school-related activity, or in a vehicle operated by the school district that:

Section 37.0832 cont. (1) has the effect or will have the effect of physically harming a student, damaging a student’s property, or placing a student in reasonable fear of harm to the student’s person or of damage to the student’s property; or (2) is sufficiently severe, persistent, and pervasive enough that the action or threat creates an intimidating, threatening, or abusive educational environment for a student.

Section 37.0832 cont. Such conduct is considered bullying if the conduct: (1) exploits an imbalance of power between the student perpetrator and the student victim through written or verbal expression or physical conduct; and (2) interferes with a student’s education or substantially disrupts the operation of a school.

The Texas Penal Code does not directly use the word “bullying”, but the conduct that encompasses bullying is addressed in the offenses listed in Section 33.07, including online impersonation, stalking and harassment.

Beginning 2012-13 school year, the Board of Trustees of each school district must adopt a policy, together with procedures, that: (1) prohibits the bullying of a student; (2) prohibits retaliation against any person, including a victim, a witness, or another person, who in good faith provides information concerning an incident of bullying; (3) establishes a procedure for providing notice of an incident of bullying to a parent or guardian of the victim and a parent or guardian of the bully within a reasonable amount of time after the incident; (4) establishes the actions a student should take to obtain assistance and intervention in response to bullying;

Policy cont. (5) sets out the available counseling options for a student who is a victim of or a witness to bullying or who engages in bullying; (6) establishes procedures for reporting an incident of bullying, investigating a reported incident of bullying, and determining whether the reported incident of bullying occurred; (7) prohibits the imposition of a disciplinary measure on a student who, after an investigation, is found to be a victim of bullying, on the basis of that student’s use of reasonable self-defense in response to the bullying; and (8) requires that discipline for bullying of a student with disabilities comply with applicable law, including the Individuals with Disabilities Education.

The policy must be included in the district’s employee and student handbooks and in the district’s improvement plan. Procedure for reporting an incident of bullying must be posted on the district’s website, if practicable.

Section 21.451 Requires school districts to provide campus-based staff development which includes conflict resolution and discipline strategies. May include training on preventing, identifying, responding to and reporting incidents of bullying.

Section 25.0342 Requires Board of Trustees of a school district to transfer a victim of bullying when requested by a parent or other person with authority to act on behalf of a student who is a victim of bullying. Victim must be transferred to: (1) another classroom at the campus to which the victim was assigned at the time the bullying occurred; or (2) a campus in the district other than the campus to which the victim was assigned at the time of the bullying.

The district’s Student Code of Conduct must contain provisions prohibiting bullying, harassment and making hit lists and ensuring that the district’s employees enforce those prohibitions. Harassment is defined to include: threatening to cause harm or bodily injury to another student, engaging in sexually intimidating conduct, causing physical damage to the property of another student, subjecting another student to physical confinement or restraint, or Maliciously taking any action that substantially harms another student’s physical or emotional health or safety.

Section 37.083 The district’s discipline management program, which includes sexual harassment policies, must provide for the prevention of unwanted physical or verbal aggression, sexual harassment and other forms of bullying in school, on school grounds and in school vehicles, and also to provide for education about the conduct.

Section 37.217 The Texas School Safety Center, in cooperation with the Attorney General, must develop a program that provides instruction concerning internet safety, including instruction relating to: (1) the potential dangers of allowing personal information to appear on an internet website; (2) the manner in which to report an inappropriate online solicitation; and (3) the prevention, detection and reporting of bullying or threats occurring over the internet.

SEXTING Purpose of C.S.S.B. 407 is to create a new offense of “sexting” in state law, to establish a tiered approach to prosecuting sexting by minors so the punishment truly matches the crime, and to prevent sexting from occurring by educating students about the criminal, emotional, psychological and other consequences associated with this crime. Also requires the Texas School Safety Center, in consultation with the Office of the Attorney General, to develop programs for use by school districts that address psychological, social and legal consequences associated with this crime and with bullying.

Section 43.26(b)-Electronic Transmission of Certain Visual Material Depicting Minor A person who is a minor commits an offense if the person intentionally or knowingly: (1) by electronic means promotes to another minor visual material depicting a minor, including the actor, engaging in sexual conduct, if the actor produces the visual material or knows that another minor produced the visual material; or (2) possesses in an electronic format visual material depicting another minor engaging in sexual conduct, if the actor produced the visual material or knows that another minor produced the visual material.

Section 43.261(d) Class C misdemeanor (for minors), except that the offense is: (1) a Class B misdemeanor if it is shown that the defendant has previously been convicted one time of an offense under this section; and (2) a Class A misdemeanor if it is shown that the defendant has previously been convicted two or more times of an offense under this section.

Section 37.218(a)&(b)-Programs on Dangers of Students Sharing Visual Material Depicting a Minor Engaged in Sexual Conduct Defines “bullying:, “cyberbullying”, “harassment” and “sexual conduct” Requires the Texas School Safety Center, in consultation with the office of the attorney general, to develop programs for use by school districts that address: (1) the possible legal consequences, including criminal penalties, of sharing visual material depicting a minor engaged in sexual conduct; (2) other possible consequences of sharing visual material depicting a minor engaged in sexual conduct, including: (A) negative effects on relationships; (B) loss of educational and employment opportunities; and (C) possible removal, if applicable, from certain school programs or extracurricular activities.

Truancy Changes to truancy laws and filing Changes to Section 25.094: 12-17 years old What do we do with 10 and 11 year olds filings? Can parents be filed on? Where should they be filed?