Ecological Relationships

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Presentation transcript:

Ecological Relationships http://www.univie.ac.at/zoologie/ecophys/crabsp-300dpi.jpg How do biotic factors influence each other? http://www.cs.umbc.edu/courses/undergraduate/201/fall06/projects/p1/fox-rabbit.jpg

Ecological Relationships Biodiversity = the number of species in an ecosystem Territory = space claimed by an individual organism Biodiversity--number of species in an ecosystem, Importance: increases opportunity for natural selection without extinction Territory—Space claimed by an individual organism Geographical Range —Total area available to a species for its habitat Ecological Equilibrium —State of “balance” in an ecosystem Ecological Equilibrium = state of “balance” in an ecosystem http://www2.warwick.ac.uk/about/environment/faqs/biodiversity.jpg

Ecological Relationships NICHE - Role of organism in the ecosystem (job) NICHE DIVERSITY – Number of niches in an ecosystem; often determined by abiotic factors A niche is the sum of all activities and relationships a species has while obtaining and using resources needed to survive and reproduce Abiotic = non-living

Competition: The “fight” may be indirect … individuals may never directly contact each other. When species or individuals “fight” for the same resources. E.g., Food, shelter…. KEYSTONE PREDATOR/SPECIES - A predator that causes a large increase in diversity of its habitat. http://www.butler.edu/herbarium/prairie/prairie42004.jpg Two species with similar needs for same limited resources cannot coexist. Losing a keystone species usually disrupts many ecological relationships.

Herbivore: A primary consumer feeds on a producer. http://www.smilinglizard.com/1a291aa0.jpg http://images.inmagine.com/168nwm/creatas/cr15169/cr15169065.jpg A fruit bat eating a papaya A woodchuck eating wild clover

An eagle eating halibut. Predation: A consumer feeds on another consumer. http://nationalzoo.si.edu/Publications/ZooGoer/2006/3/IMAGES/lion_zebra.jpg http://www.citypaper.net/blogs/clog/wp-content/uploads/2007/06/close-up-bald-eagle-eating.jpg A lion eating zebra. An eagle eating halibut.

Symbiosis: http://www.floridastateparks.org/maclaygardens/images/wallpaper/1024-PL-MAC-Symbiosis-MarkFerrulo.jpg A long-term relationship where two species live closely together and at least one benefits directly from the relationship.

Mutualism: Both organisms benefit from the relationship. Win-Win situation! http://tumi-educational-resources.org/Educational%20%20Videos.htm

Commensalism One organism benefits, the other one is unaffected. Win-Neutral relationship

Parasitism One organism benefits, the other one is harmed! Win-Lose relationship Parasites rarely kill their hosts…it would require them to get another one!

Ecological Relationships Biological Magnification — Increasing concentration of poisons in organisms in higher trophic levels in a food chain or web. Many toxins in the water Many toxins in the person

Video on Biological Magnification Biological Magnification- accumulation of increasing amounts of toxin within tissues of organisms (Moves up the food chain). Video on Biological Magnification