Semester Exam Review 2016

Eras

1519 Pineda maps the Texas coast Cortes begins his conquest of the Aztec Empire

1718 Sa Antonio de Valero (The Alamo) is established

1821 Mexico wins independence from Spain

1836 Texas wins independence from Mexico

Geography

Identify & describe the 4 major regions of texas Coastal Plains – southeastern part of Texas; lots of rain and vegetation; farming & ranching North Central Plains – farming & ranching; transportation center Great Plains – ranching and oil industries; little regular rainfall Mountains and Basins – dramatic landscape; dry desert climate

Elevation: how does elevation change from east to west? Elevation increases from East to West

As the elevation increases, rainfall decreases Rainfall: What is the trend of the amount of annual precipitation across texas? As the elevation increases, rainfall decreases

What is an aquifer? Formations of natural gravel, rock, and sand that trap and hold rainwater underground

exploration

Alonso pineda First person to map the Texas Coast (1519)

Cabeza de vaca Servant, trader, and healer for the Indians while stranded in Texas for 8 years

coronado Went on an expedition to find Cibola (City of Gold)

La salle French explorer who caused Spain to step up efforts to settle in Texas

Goal of French settlers in texas Conquest

What was the Columbian Exchange? What did it include? Trade between the Old World and New World that included diseases, goods, and slaves

missions

Corpus Christi de la ysleta First mission in Texas, built near present-day El Paso (West Texas) in 1680

San Francisco de los tejas First mission in East Texas, established in 1690; failed because of tensions, droughts and flooding, and scarce food

San Antonio de valero Built in 1718 as a half-way point to the East Texas missions; also known as The Alamo

How did the Spaniards view the native Texans? They used them to work and wanted them to learn the Spanish way of life, including converting them to Catholicism

How did the native Americans react to the lifestyle of the missions? They did not like the stationary lifestyle

What caused most of the native American deaths after Europeans arrived in texas? Diseases brought by the Europeans

Father hidalgo y costilla Got help from the French in Louisiana to start a mission in East Texas

Antonio Margil de Jesus Francisco Hidalgo Which catholic missionaries contributed to the mission system in texas? Fray Damian Massanet Jose de Escandon Antonio Margil de Jesus Francisco Hidalgo

colonization

What was Mexico’s purpose for colonizing Texas? To increase the population in Texas so their land could be more protected

What was the Anglo American‘s’ purpose for coming to Texas? Cheap land Running from debt New opportunities

Stephen f. Austin Father of Texas Took on his father’s plan and settled hundreds of families from the U.S. in Texas as an empresario

Martin de leon Tejano leader Only empresario to found a colony of primarily Mexican settlers

Requirement by mexico to emigrate to texas Become a Mexican citizen Become Catholic Have good moral character

revolution

1) a statement of the right to revolution What are some of the similarities between the united states’ and texas declaration of independence? 1) a statement of the right to revolution 2) a list of grievances against the central government 3) a proclamation of independence

Santa anna Leader of the Mexican army during the Texas Revolution (President of Mexico)

The law of april 6, 1830 Banned immigration from the U.S. Banned bringing slaves to Texas Suspended unfilled empresario contracts Taxed all U.S. imports to Texas

Turtle bayou resolutions Because of repeated violations of the constitution by the local commander, the people of Texas united against the current Mexican government

George childress Wrote the Texas Declaration of Independence

Lorenzo de zavala Mexican politician who signed the Texas Declaration of Independence and served as interim Vice President of the Republic of Texas

Juan Seguin Tejano who helped fight in the Texas Revolution

Sam houston Leader of the Texas Army during the Texas Revolution Won the Battle of San Jacinto which gave Texas independence

William b. travis Lt. Col. at the Alamo; wrote a letter requesting reinforcements

James fannin Lead an expedition that surrendered and was massacred at Goliad

Why was santa anna considered a dictator? He created a centralist government, because he said Mexico was not ready to be a republic (he took all of the power)

What was the purpose of the Conventions of 1832 & 1833? Delegates met and came up with 4 resolutions: Legalize immigration from U.S. Texas becomes a separate state Customs duties be removed for 3 years Land for public schools

Battle of gonzales The first battle of the Texas Revolution

Battle of the alamo Very meaningful battle of the Texas Revolution where all Texas lives were lost; became the motivation needed to finish the war

What was the purpose of Travis’ letter from the Alamo? To ask for reinforcements

Goliad massacre Fannin’s troops surrendered during the Battle of Coleto, and were massacred a week later at Goliad

Battle of san jacinto Final battle of the Texas Revolution; Santa Anna was captured and Texas independence won

What are the three branches of government & the purpose of each branch? Legislative – makes the laws Judicial – interprets the laws Executive – carries out the laws (Commander-in- Chief, Veto Power, Nominate Justices of the Supreme Court)