TAKS Review: Chemistry

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Chemistry of Life All living and non-living things are made up of elements Elements are substances that cannot be broken into anything more simple Elements.
Advertisements

Chapter 1 Science Skills Branches of Science Scientific Method (Steps) Scientific Laws Scientific Models Units of Measurement ( Metric to metric Conversions)
Chemical Reactions Physical and Chemical Change
Chemical Reactions Physical and Chemical Change Law of Conservation of Mass Balancing Equations.
Foundations of Physics
Focus on basic properties of matter!.  Describe the physical nature of matter, not its chemical behavior.  Examples:  Melting point, boiling point,
The Wonder of Water.
TAKS Review: Chemistry Focus on basic properties of matter!
Grade 10 Academic Science – Unit Chemistry The following is a set up “Flip Card” to help learn the definitions of the chemistry unit.
Introduction to Chemistry. Matter: Anything that has mass and volume States of Matter.
 What would you find in the nucleus of an atom?  An electron has what charge?  What is an element?  Define matter:  What does the atomic number correspond.
Essential Chemistry for Biology
Chemistry Unit Review. The smallest particle that a compound with covalent bonds is called what? A molecule.
Basic Chemistry Atoms, Elements and How They Behave.
Chemistry Review by Margaret Zulick. The Atom: makes up everything (living and nonliving) Made of – Protons (+) – Neutrons (0) – Electrons (-) 2 parts:
Solutions, Acids, and Bases
Solutions, Acids, and Bases
Introduction to Process Technology Unit 5 Applied Chemistry.
Describe how substances react with other substances Examples: Combustibility – Will a substance burn? Reactivity – Will a substance react with other substances.
Basic Chemistry Atoms, Elements and How They Behave.
Noggin Knockers. Topics Elements, Compounds, & Mixtures States of Matter and their Particles Elements (Atomic #, Mass, # of protons, neutrons, & electrons)
Inorganic Chemistry. I. Matter A. Anything that has mass and takes up space. B. Matter exists in 3 states or phases: 1. Solid - have definite shape and.
TAKS Review: Chemistry Focus on basic properties of matter!
Chapter 8 Substances, Mixtures, and Solubility. I. Substances A. Atoms and Elements A substance is matter that has the same fixed composition and properties;
Objective 4: 9a, b, d: Solution Chemistry The student is expected to relate the structure of water to its function, relate the concentration of ions in.
Chapter 7 Acids, Bases, and Solutions. Solutions A solution is a uniform mixture that contains a solvent and at least one solute. The solvent is the part.
Chemical Formulas Shows which atoms are found in each substance Subscripts – how many of each atom. NaCl = one sodium and one chlorine. CaCl 2 = one calcium.
Solutions, Acids, and Bases
Chapter 3 Section 2.
The study of matter and the properties of matter
Bellwork Fri. Aug. 28, 2015 Chloride ion Calcium ion Chloride ion
The Chemical Basis of Life
Chapter 2: Chemistry Matter: Anything that has mass and volume
Focus on basic properties of matter!
The Chemical Basis of Life
Atoms, Elements and How They Behave
Solutions, Acids & Bases
Chemical Bonding and Chemical Reactions
Chemistry Review Created by Educational Technology Network
Acids and Bases.
Focus on basic properties of matter!
Science ideas I need to know
Chemistry of Matter Properties and Interactions of Elements
Properties of Matter Ch. 2.
Why is chemistry important?
Chemistry Review sheet
Matter & Change.
Matter: Compounds and Mixtures
Chemistry of Matter Properties and Interactions of Elements
9/1/2017 the Chemistry of Life.
MATTER.
Properties & Changes of Matter
Matter.
Chemistry of Matter Properties and Interactions of Elements
9/1/2017 THE CHEMISTRY OF LIFE.
Water and Solutions.
Solutions, Acids, Bases & pH
Chemistry of Matter Properties and Interactions of Elements
CHEMISTRY.
Bonding Basics Chemical Bonds Compounds Equations Evidence & Rates 100
General Science– Chemical Reactions Chapter 3
Acids & Bases & Solutions
CHEMICAL REACTIONS & CHEMICAL BONDING
Chapter 2 Chemistry of Life
Chemistry Notes Chapter 2
Properties of Matter Ch. 2.
Chapter 2 “Matter and Change”
What is the difference between a group and a period?
Bellringer: 12/16/2016 What is a homogeneous solution?
How to access the power point
Presentation transcript:

TAKS Review: Chemistry Focus on basic properties of matter!

Physical Properties Describe the physical nature of matter, not its chemical behavior. Examples: Melting point, boiling point, freezing points, color, viscosity, density . . . Melting and boiling points along with density are ways of identifying unknown substances

Chemical Properties Properties that describe the chemical behavior of matter. Formation of cations (+) or anions (-). Combines with oxygen or burns in air. Anything related to reactivity.

Physical and Chemical Changes Rotting, burning, cutting in half, vaporizing, rusting, explodes ….. So, which of the above are physical changes and which are chemical? Ask, which of the above changes the essence of the matter? Exploding is chemical, why? It’s a reaction! Cutting in half? Physical; it’s still the same stuff.

Evidences of a chemical change! Precipitates = solids formed when 2 clear liquids mix. Gas given off Color change (be careful, can be physical only, but a color change often accompanies a chemical one). Heat (exothermic or endothermic). Light.

Exo or Endo Heat = - 510 kilojoules Heat = +510 kilojoules If Heat is +, it’s endothermic (Temp. drops) If Heat is -, it’s exothermic(Temp. increases

Density vs. Weight What’s the difference between density and weight? Which changes if you suddenly land on the moon? Weight! Density is a ratio of your mass to volume which shouldn’t change if you made it safely. If a block of wood is cut in half, how does that change the density? It doesn’t!!

Viscosity Thickness of a liquid based on bonding. Syrup is more viscous than water because of the cohesive bonding of the molecules. How would you measure the viscosity of a liquid? Drop a marble in it and time it. I know, it sounds stupid, but we’re trying to pass the test. The longer it takes for the marble to reach the bottom in equal amts., the more viscous.

Review Your Periodic Table Know the difference between a Group and a Period. Groups, vertical. Group I has Li and Na which have similar properties because they have 1 valence electron and form +1 ions to achieve a stable octet. Periods, horizontal. Have same outer energy levels. 4th Pd = 4th outer level.

Parts of the Table Transition metals/Alkali metals Halogens Noble gases; what’s special about them? Calcium will form what kind of ion with what magnitude of charge? 2+ Chlorine ? 1- Formula?? CaCl2

3 states of Matter Solids Liquids Gases Describe the molecular motion for each state. What is the relationship between the strength of the bonding and matter’s physical state? Stronger bonds tend to form solids.

Types of Bonds Ionic = metal and non-metal Na+ + Cl-  NaCl Covalent = sharing e’s; non-metals. H – Cl share 1 pr. of e’s. Ionic – crystals Covalent – some solids, liquids and gases. Gases tend to be non-polar covalent.

Balancing Equations First, write the correct “formula” for a compound if it’s not given. Ca + O  CaO Ca+2 + O-2 = CaO so the charges =0 Mg+2 + Cl- = MgCl2 magnesium chloride Mg+2 + PO4 -3  Mg3(PO4)2 magnesium phosphate

So, put it together KClO3  KCl + O2 2,2,3 H2 + O2  H2O 2,1,2

Kinetic Energy and atoms The More KE atoms have, the more they move. Bonding holds them together Gases have little bonding, so adding more heat (Kinetic Energy) causes them to move a lot. Gas molecules moving around eventually cause collisions which create gas “pressure” inside a container. Increase the temperature (KE) and the gas pressure increases. Why?

Law of Conservation of Mass Mass of Reactants = Mass of Products 2H2 + O2  2 H2O 11 g. ? 23 g. 11 + ? = 23 then ? = 12 grams!

3 forms of Matter Elements: the purest form of matter. * Check the periodic table. Compounds: combinations of elements in a specific ratio ( water is H20, not H202). Mixtures: compounds and elements tossed together in any proportion.

Mixtures: types of. Homogenous: the mixture looks the same throughout. - kool aid, salt water, milk . . Heterogeneous: mixture maintains separate parts. - rocks and water, dirt.

Solutions: a type of mixture Made of a solute (what gets dissolved) and a solvent (what does the dissolving). Homogeneous and Heterogeneous solutions. See last slide. Water is always the solvent, salt is a solute. Unsaturated, saturated and super-saturated solutions.

Acids & Bases Solutions can be acidic or basic. Acid solutions taste sour, Basic solutions taste bitter. Lemon vs. Soap. pH is a scale used to identify weak solutions as either acidic or basic. 7(neutral) 0 Acidic Basic 14

Types of Acids/Bases Acids: hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a Strong acid Organic acids like citric or vinegar are weak acids. Strong base solutions are often called alkaline or caustic. If a solution has a pH of 10, it’s basic and would require vinegar, maybe, added to it to bring the pH down. That’s why they put citric acid in your shampoo which is normally basic because it’s a soap down to 5.5 which is the pH of your hair.

Water Acids are made of Hydronium ions (H3O+) in water. Bases are made of Hydroxide ions (OH-) in water. Water is neutral, a pH of 7, because the number or concentration of H3O+s = OH-s. H3O+ + OH-  2 H2O (neutral) acid base