Ionic Compounds

Ionic bond: bond formed by attraction between + and - ions Ionic Bonding Electrons are transferred from one atom to another so that each has 8 valence electrons - called the octet rule + Cation - Anion Ionic Compound Ionic bond: bond formed by attraction between + and - ions 2

Ionic Bonding Ionic bonds occur between metals and non-metals + Cation H He Li Be B C N O F Ne Na Mg Al Si P S Cl Ar K Ca Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn Ga Ge As Se Br Kr Rb Sr Y Zr Nb Mo Tc Ru Rh Pd Ag Cd In Sn Sb Te I Xe Cs Ba Lu Hf Ta W Re Os Ir Pt Au Hg Tl Pb Bi Po At Rn Fr Ra Lr Rf Db Sg Bh Hs Mt Uun Uuu Uub Uut Metals Metalloids Non-metals + Cation - Anion

The “magic number” is 8! 4

Binary Ionic Compounds Formula to Name

The Language of Chemistry Chemistry has a language all of its own… Chemistry English Element Symbols Letters Chemical Formulas Words Chemical Equations Sentences Each element symbol starts with a capital letter

Binary Ionic Compounds Formula to Name Formula will have… only 2 elements a metal and a non-metal To name: Metal name + nonmetal name ending in –ide The subscripts in the formula do not matter when naming this type

Examples CaBr2 K2O

Write the name for the following compounds Practice Write the name for the following compounds 1. CaF2 2. Na3P 3. NaI 4. SrBr2 calcium fluoride sodium phosphide sodium iodide strontium bromide

Binary Ionic Compounds Name to Formula

Binary Ionic Compounds Name to Formula Names will… end in “-ide” (except “hydroxide and cyanide”) NOT contain covalent prefixes To write the formula: Draw Lewis dot diagrams of each element and transfer electrons to complete the octet. Use subscripts to show how many of each type of ion you have.

Example Sodium oxide

Write the formula for the following compounds Practice Write the formula for the following compounds 1. cesium chloride 2. potassium oxide 3. calcium sulfide 4. lithium nitride CsCl K2O CaS Li3N

Multivalent Ionic Compounds Name to Formula

Multivalent (Transition) Metals Multivalent Metal: a metal that can form more than one ion Examples: Cobalt Co+2 Co+3 Copper Cu+1 Cu+2 Iron Fe+2 Fe+3 Lead Pb+2 Pb+4 Manganese Mn+2 Mn+3 Mercury Hg2+2 Hg+2 Tin Sn+2 Sn+4 15

Multivalent Ionic Compounds Name to Formula Names will… have roman numerals (I, II, III, IV, etc.) To write the formula: Same as binary, except Roman numerals tell the charge of the metal cation 16

Examples Iron (III) oxide Copper (I) nitride 17

Write the formula for the following compounds Practice Write the formula for the following compounds 1. Iron (II) nitride 2. Copper (I) chloride 3. Lead (IV) sulfide 4. Tin (II) oxide Fe3N2 CuCl PbS2 SnO 18

Multivalent Ionic Compounds Formula to Name

Multivalent Ionic Compounds Formula to Name Formula will have… a transition metal To name: Metal name + (charge in Roman numerals) + nonmetal name ending in -ide To determine the metal charge, make a list! List each nonmetal ion with the charge Total negative charge = total positive charge Divide the total positive charge between the metal atoms Write the charge of one atom in roman numerals in parenthesis after the metal’s name 20

Examples CuCl2 Fe2O3 21

Write the name for the following compounds Practice Write the name for the following compounds 1. PbCl2 2. SnBr4 3. MnO Lead (II) chloride Tin (IV) bromide Manganese (II) oxide 22

Polyatomic Ionic Compounds

Polyatomic Ionic Compounds Polyatomic Ion: a group of atoms that has lost or gained electrons – so it has a charge! Polyatomic Ionic Compound: compound containing at least one polyatomic ion - Polyatomic Anion Polyatomic Ionic Compound + Cation 24

Identifying Polyatomic Ions Only one cation: NH4+ All others are anions (second part of formula) Subscripts must match exactly as it appears on the list on your periodic table 25

Practice Identifying Polyatomic Ions Identify and name the polyatomic ion in each compound 1. NaNO3 2. NH4Cl 3. Ca(OH)2 4. (NH4)3PO4 5. K2CO3 26

Practice Identifying Polyatomic Ions Identify and name the polyatomic ion in each compound NaNO3 NH4Cl Ca(OH)2 (NH4)3PO4 K2CO3 Nitrate Ammonium Hydroxide Ammonium & phosphate Carbonate 27

Polyatomic Ionic Compounds Formula to Name

Polyatomic Ionic Compounds Formula to Name Formula will have… MORE than 2 capital letters at least one metal and one non-metal To name: Metal name + nonmetal polyatomic ion name write the polyatomic ion’s name exactly as it appears on your periodic table 29

Examples NaNO3 Fe(OH)2 30

Write the name for the following compounds Practice Write the name for the following compounds 1. Ca(NO3)2 2. Na3PO4 3. NH4ClO 4. K2CO3 31

Polyatomic Ionic Compounds Name to Formula

Polyatomic Ionic Compounds Name to Formula Names will… end in –ite or –ate (except for hydroxide) Do not use covalent prefixes To write the formula: Make a list! Write the symbol and charge of the cation and anion Add additional cations or anions until the charges cancel out to zero Use subscripts to show the number of each ion When using subscripts with a polyatomic ion, you must put the polyatomic ion in parenthesis. 33

Examples Sodium carbonate Magnesium nitrate 34

Write the formula for the following compounds Practice Write the formula for the following compounds 1. Sodium nitrate 2. Calcium chlorate 3. Potassium sulfite 4. Calcium hydroxide NaNO3 Ca(ClO3)2 K2SO3 Ca(OH)2 35

Total negative charge in compound Total positive charge in compound Example Anion Total negative charge in compound Total positive charge in compound Cation Name Fe2O3 37