Human Body Systems Unit 8

March 7: Nervous System Notes Page 119

Nervous System Nervous system – a physically connected network of cells, tissues, and organs that controls thoughts, movement, and simple body processes. Nervous system includes two parts: the central nervous system and the peripheral nervous system.

Central Nervous System The central nervous system (CNS) is made up of the brain and spinal cord. The CNS receives information, interprets it, and sends signals to the rest of the body.

Peripheral Nervous System The peripheral nervous system (PNS) connects the CNS to all of your organs and organ systems. The PNS reaches every part of your body via neurons, the special name given to nerve cells.

PNS: Voluntary and involuntary movements The PNS also controls your voluntary and involuntary movements. Somatic nervous system – controls voluntary movements (walking) Autonomic nervous system – controls involuntary movements (breathing, heart beating) also controls stress (fight or flight) and calming

Classwork and Homework: Nervous System Tuesday, March 6 Classwork: Nervous System Notes Homework: Parts of the Brain Wednesday, March 7 Classwork: Brain Games Homework: Where in the Brain? Thursday, March 8 Classwork: Quick Quiz – Nervous System

March 9: Circulatory System Notes Page 121

Circulatory System Circulatory system – carries blood to all parts of the body The circulatory system is made up of the heart, arteries, veins, and capillaries.

Parts of the Circulatory System Heart – pumps blood, keeping it moving to every part of the body It take bloods about 60 seconds to move from your heart, throughout your body, and back to your heart.

Parts of the Circulatory System Arteries – carry blood away from the heart to the rest of the body (A for Away) Veins - carry blood from the rest of the body back to the heart

Blood Red Blood Cells – blood cells that pick up oxygen in the lungs and carry it to all the body’s cells White Blood Cells – cells that attack pathogens (germs); actually part of the immune system

Heart Health Your blood circulation is impacted by your lifestyle. Activities like smoking, not exercising, and stress can decrease circulation and even cause heart attacks. Activities like eating fruits, veggies, and low fat foods help to keep your circulatory system healthy.

Classwork and Homework: Circulatory System Thursday, March 8 Classwork: Circulatory System Notes Friday, March 9 Classwork: Mapping the Heart Monday, March 12 Classwork: Blood Pressure Lab Homework: Cycle 3 Study Guide Tuesday, March 13 Classwork: Nervous & Circulatory System Quick Quiz, Cycle 3 Study Guide Wednesday, March 14 Classwork: Cycle 3 Study Guide Thursday, March 15 – Ms. Dellert out Classwork: Cycle 3 Crossword Friday, March 16 Classwork: Cycle 3 Test

March 19: Immunity Notes Page 125

Immune System Overview Immune system – the body system that fights off infection The immune system is made up of white blood cells called phagocytes as well as proteins.

How it Works The phagocytes can identify germs or pathogens using special protein markers on the surface of the germ. These markers are called antigens. Once your body fights a specific pathogen, it produced memory cells which help your cells remember past pathogens and quickly destroy them if you get infected again.

Vaccines Vaccines are substances that contain just the antigen of a germ. Your body uses them to create memory cells without actually getting sick. Once you have a vaccine, your body can destroy the pathogens you have vaccinated against without you getting sick.

Overreacting to Antigens Allergies are caused by an overreaction to an antigen that is normally harmless. These antigens are called allergens. Some allergies are very serious and can cause anaphylaxis, where the immune system tightens the airways and restricts breathing. People will allergies this serious typically carry Epi- pens.

Classwork and Homework: Reproductive System Monday, March 19 Classwork: Immunity & Vaccine Notes Homework: Immune System DIY Notes Tuesday, March 20 Classwork: What are HIV and AIDS Article Q&A Homework: No Homework Wednesday, March 21 Classwork: Fizz Virus Lab Thursday, March 22 & Friday, March 23 Classwork: Disease Spread Gizmo

April 3: Reproductive Processes Notes Page 133

Reproductive Systems Overview Males produce sperm in their testes throughout their lives. Females are born with partly developed eggs contained in their ovaries. At puberty, egg production begins in females where eggs mature and are released every 28 days.

Ovulation Every 28 days or so, hormones stimulate one female sex cell to begin meiosis. During meiosis, 1 egg or ovum is produced with 23 chromosomes inside. The ovum is released into the fallopian tube. Over the next 5-7 days, the ovum travels through the fallopian tube toward the uterus.

Fertilization During sexual intercourse, the male releases millions of sperm. If sexual intercourse occurs during ovulation, while the ovum moves through the fallopian tube, fertilization may occur. Only the first sperm enters the egg. The egg’s membrane changes after the first sperm has arrived, stopping other sperm from entering.

Menstrual Cycle If fertilization does not occur, the ovum still moves from the fallopian tube to the uterus. The uterus has already begun thickening its lining, called endometrium, in preparation for a developing zygote. If there is no zygote, the endometrium detaches and is pushed out of the body in contractions (cramps). Hormones controlling this process can cause discomfort in other areas of the body as well.

Classwork and Homework: Reproductive System Monday, April 2 Classwork: Nervous, Circulatory, and Immune Review Kahoot Homework; Reproductive Systems Worksheet Tuesday, April 3 Classwork: Reproductive Processes Notes Wednesday, April 4 Classwork: Pregnancy and Development Rotating Lab Thursday, April 5 & Friday, April 6 Classwork: Human Body Open Note Test