Unit 8: Physiology of Human Body Systems This is an internally assessed unit and you will be required to carry out three assignments to complete the unit. Introduce learners to the unit.

In this unit you will learn about the physiology of three human body systems: Musculoskeletal Lymphatic Digestive You need to develop your knowledge and understanding of the three systems, the implications when they are not working properly and the corrective treatments that are available.

Please take a few minutes to complete Activity sheet 8.6. Learning Aim B Understand the impact of disorder on the physiology of the lymphatic system and the associated corrective treatment Please take a few minutes to complete Activity sheet 8.6. Hand out Activity sheet 8.6 and allow learners a few minutes to complete it. Emphasise it is not a test and they can discuss it with their neighbour but need to be honest about their own level of understanding. These sheets should be collected in and reviewed to allow teaching and learning to be adapted to meet learners needs.

For this learning aim you need to: Investigate the composition and locate the component parts of the lymphatic system: Spleen, thymus, tonsils, lymph gland, vessels, valves, lymph nodes. Understand the three main functions and normal working of the lymphatic system: Return of interstitial fluid/hydrostatic pressure defence against disease absorption of fats from digestive system Understand the impact of dysfunction of the system and associated treatments. Introduce the main sections of the unit.

Lymphedema, lymphadenitis and Hodgkin’s lymphoma Level 3 Nationals Unit 8 Physiology of Human Body Systems Lymphedema, lymphadenitis and Hodgkin’s lymphoma Introduce the topic by showing leaners photos of lymphedema, lymphadenitis and Hodgkin’s lymphoma and asking what learners know about the conditions. What ahs caused these problems and why? Where does lymph come from? What must happen to it? Why? You can also show learners the artwork on this slide to describe/discuss the positions of the lymphatic organs. The positions of the lymphatic organs

spleen Lymph nodes: thymus axillary tonsils abdominal lymph gland Structures of the lymphatic system to be described: spleen thymus tonsils lymph gland vessels valves nodes Lymph nodes: axillary abdominal inguinal popliteal supratrochlear Learners can each be given some of the structures to research and then present back to the rest of the class.

Blood pressure is measured by a sphygmomanometer Throughout the cardiac cycle, the blood pressure increases and decreases: systolic pressure is the pressure at which the blood leaves the heart in the aorta. diastolic pressure is the minimum pressure in the arteries. It reflects the resistance of the the small arteries and capillaries to the flow of blood. The liquid forced out of blood capilleries forms interstitial fluid which bathes cells. This forms lymph. Discuss blood pressure and values. TYPICAL VALUES: SYSTOLIC 120mm Hg (15.8kPa) DIASTOLIC 80mm Hg (10.5kPa) Often written as 120/80 Both pressures rise and fall during the day They change with age: Young adult 110/75 Age 60+ 130/90 – arteries harden, do not stretch, heart needs to beat harder. Exercise, smoking, excitement, adrenaline, sleep, fear, meditation all affect blood pressure. Measuring blood pressure

How a lymph is formed Use diagram to discuss how lymph is formed.

What role does each of the parts of the lymphatic system play in defending the body against disease?

How the products of digestion are absorbed in the ileum Discuss absorption of fat in the small intestine. Breakdown of fat will be covered in more detail in learning aim C. Learners should know from previous work that fats are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol.

Learning Aim B vocabulary appendix lymphatic fluid bone marrow lymphatic system hydrostatic pressure lymphocyte interstitial fluid macrophage lacteals macrophages lymph capillaries oedema lymph ducts spleen lymph nodes thoracic duct lymph vessels thymus lymphadenitis tonsils lymphatic duct valves Discuss absorption of fat in the small intestine. Breakdown of fat will be covered in more detail in learning aim C. Learners should know from previous work that fats are broken down into fatty acids and glycerol.

Assessment At the end of the teaching and learning phase, following the tasks provided in the assignment brief, you will now be assessed on your ability to describe, explain and evaluate: The structure and function of the lymphatic system Health matters and treatments related to the lymphatic system. When producing evidence for assessment, you must work independently and produce valid and authentic work to submit by the hand-in date. You can refer to notes and materials from lessons when producing your evidence. You must give references for source materials you have used.