ENERGY SYSTEMS

Learning goals I will understand the make up of the body’s main energy source. I will examine the role three key nutrients play in energy production. I will examine the three metabolic pathways of the body.

GLUCOSE: THE HUMAN BODY’S “FUEL”? there are 7 essential nutrients in the human diet, but only 3 that provide calories CARBS FATS PROTEINS all 3 provide calories, but the process is simplest when CARB’s are used (the other 2 fuels take longer to break down)

Caloric release Carbs – 4 kcal/g Proteins – 4 kcal/g Fats – 9 kcal/g FYI … Alcohol – 7 kcal/g

CARBS made up of chains of easily-metabolized GLUCOSE can provide E! very quickly FATS & PROTEINS need to be converted into a glucose-like molecule in order to be metabolized thus, it takes time to start burning fat

carbs Sugars and starches CHO – carbon, hydrogen, oxygen Provide materials to build cell membranes and provide energy for use by cells

glycogen Storage form of glucose in skeletal muscle and liver Can be broken down, carried through blood and used as energy source

ADENOSINE TRI-PHOSPHATE ATP is used by the muscles of body during the SFT ATP is the “currency” (energy molecule) for all living things nutrients from food provide fuel we need to “make” it every cell in our body “spends” it

ATP HYDROLYSIS it is the HYDROLYSIS (breakdown) of ATP that provides E! for muscle contraction trailing phosphate group is removed, releasing energy ATP HYDROLYSIS: ATP  ADP + Pi + E! muscle fibres have a small supply of ATP stored within them those stores are used up very quickly, however, the great thing about ATP is... it is renewable!!!

the source of that energy comes from the food we eat... ATP RE-SYNTHESIS if the breakdown of ATP releases energy, then the RESYNTHESIS of ATP must require E! ATP RESYNTHESIS: ADP + Pi + E!  ATP the source of that energy comes from the food we eat...

My Hero … One more clip!

ATP Resynthesis Anaerobic Aerobic Occurs quickly in muscle fibre Powerful but short-lived physical actions Aerobic Occurs in mitochondria

Metabolic pathways ATP-PC Anaerobic alactic (lactic acid not a by-product) Immediate, very short term Use of creatine phosphate stored in muscle

Metabolic pathways Glycolysis Anaerobic lactic (lactic acid by-product) Allows for longer bursts of energy Use of glycogen stored in muscle First stage of aerobic

Metabolic pathways Cellular Respiration Aerobic (involving oxygen from lungs) Complete breakdown of glucose Large amount of ATP produced

Learning goals I will understand the make up of the body’s main energy source. I will examine the role three key nutrients play in energy production. I will examine the three metabolic pathways of the body.

METABOLISM REVIEW What is the ‘currency’ of the human body? What is the ‘fuel’ of the human body? The “tri” in adenosine triphosphate refers to what? Write the formula for ATP breakdown. What is this process called? Explain why ATP is needed by the muscles of the body. Write the formula of ATP resynthesis. Explain why carbohydrates can synthesize ATP more efficiently than fats and proteins.