Introduction to Human Anatomy and Physiology

Anatomy – Body structure or form; morphology Physiology – Function of body structures; what they do and how they do it.

Cellular Organization – composed of, at minimum, one cell. Responds - Ability to respond to the internal and external environment Growth & Development – ability to increase in body size and/or differentiate cells Reproduction – Parent(s) produce offspring; production of new individuals

Metabolism = all chemical reactions occurring in an organism Use energy – perform complex chemical reactions that require energy to do work Metabolism = all chemical reactions occurring in an organism Anabolism = reactions that buildup molecules Catabolism = reactions that breakdown molecules Homeostasis – ability to regulate and maintain a stable internal environment Water, blood-sugar, oxygen, temperature, pH, pressure Negative Feedback

Negative Feedback Example: insulin & glucagon regulate blood-sugar

Skeleton Axial - head, neck, trunk Appendicular - arms & legs Additionally Several body cavities Layers of membranes within cavities Variety of organs and organ systems within cavities Viscera = internal organs. "Visceral organs"

Body Cavities & Membranes Dorsal Cavity = Cranial Cavity (Brain) & Spinal Cavity (Spinal Cord) Ventral Cavity = as follows: Thoracic = chest cavity (heart, trachea, lungs…) Abdominopelvic Cavity Abdominal = most of the abdomen (spleen, intestines…) Pelvic = lower abdomen (bladder & reproductive organs) Diaphragm:  Separates the thoracic and abdominal region Serous membrane- covers and surrounds cavities and organs Secretes serous fluid - lubricates & reduces friction

Label the body cavities (use your book first…then web) It's easier to visualize the body cavities on pictures - see handouts Label the body cavities (use your book first…then web)

Serous Membrane - two layers; lines organs and body cavities (serous cavities) Outer layer = parietal Inner layer = visceral (lines the organs) Serous fluid – lubricating fluid that reduces friction

Pericardium = membrane of the heart Pleura = membrane of the lungs Peritoneum = membrane of the abdominal organs

Serous membranes have two layers, named for how they connect to the body: The visceral layer is connected to the organ(s) The parietal layer is connected the inner-wall of the body cavity Balloon Demonstration

How many body systems are there? How many can you name right now? Classwork: Organ Systems Concept Map & Anatomical Terms Packet

Anatomical Position & Terms Anatomical Position = standing erect, face forward, arms at side, palms facing forward *Study and learn the following terms* 1. Superior 2. Inferior 3. Anterior 4. Posterior 5. Medial 6. Lateral 7. Proximal 8. Distal 9. Superficial 10. Deep

Classwork: Fill out the chart on the body regions

Intro to A&P Recap Define Anatomy & Physiology Know the characteristics of life Explain how negative feedback works in homeostasis (know the example) Identify and describe the levels of organization and body cavities Describe and identify the anatomy of the 3 serous membranes in the presentation Compare anatomical location using anatomical terms Describe and identify the planes and regions of the body