Time Period 3: Competition, Alliance, and Blending Presented by: Shelby, and Erin

Main Concept In the decades after American independence, interactions among different groups resulted in competition among groups for resources, shifting alliances, and blending.

Big Idea #1 In attempts by various Native American groups to limit forced migration by whites who were driven by having more land and resources, the Native Americans constantly altered alliances with Europeans, Americans, and other tribes.

Main Topics Treaty of Greenville (1795)- An agreement between Americans and Native Americans that forced the Native Americans off the land (present day Indiana and Ohio). In exchange for this land the Native Americans received $20,000 and the right to hunt on the land they had ceded. March of the Paxton Boys- Angry that the government seemed to rather give land to the Indians. So they killed innocent Indians. (1794)Battle of Fallen Timbers- Although Americans had successfully gained independence from Britain, Britain continued to ally with the Native Americans whenever there was a skirmish between the Native Americans and Americans over land.

Big Idea #2 Frontier cultures, that first emerged in the colonial period, continued to grow in this time period. This growth fueled social, political, and ethnic tensions. And the reason that frontier cultures started growing again was that an increasing number of migrants from North America and other parts of the world began moving around.

Main Topics Scottish and Irish migration to the frontier- Settled frontier of Western Virginia and Pennsylvania and handled negotiations between Native Americans and Americans. Frontier vs. Tidewater Virginia- Frontier disliked Tidewater because they held all the land and power. Whiskey Rebellion- People were upset about taxes on whiskey and that they lived on th frontier(outskirts) and so they rebelled. This rebellion got shut down by the government. Regulator Movement- Violent uprisings by backcountry settlers in North Carolina. People on the frontier (on the Western parts of Ohio and Kentucky) were upset that they did not have very many natural resources and felt ignored.

Big Idea #3 As settlers moved westward during the 1780s, Congress enacted the Northwest Ordinance for admitting new states; the ordinance promoted public education, the protection of private property, and a ban on slavery in the Northwest Territory.

Section 16- In each township there had to be a section left for public education. Equal Statement- The Northwest Ordinance guaranteed that the new states would be equal to the original 13 states. Abolition of Slavery in Northwestern Territory- slavery in the northwestern territory ended because of the Northwestern Ordinance of 1787. Main Topics Land Ordinance of 1785- measured, divided and distributed the Northwest territory. Settlers could purchase title to farmland in the undeveloped west. Northwest Ordinance of 1787- the government for the northwest territory provided a method for admitting new states, promoting public education, and ban of slavery in northwest Territory.

Big Idea #4 An ambiguous relationship between the federal government and American Indian tribes contributed to problems regarding treaties and American Indian legal claims relating to the seizure of their lands.

Main Topics Battle of Fallen Timbers- this was the final battle of the the Northwest Indian war, which was the battle for the northwestern territory. Treaty of Greenville- after the Natives lost the battle, the treaty of Greenville was signed in 1795.

Big Idea #5 The Spanish, supported by the bonded labor of the local American Indians, expanded their mission settlements into California; these provided opportunities for social mobility among soldiers and led to new cultural blending.

Main Topics Spanish Vaqueros (cowboys) of the Southwest- focused on cattle ranching, after it spread north to Texas, Arizona, and New Mexico. They were the the first to begin the livestock industry in California. Mestizos- A distinctive culture, that was people of mixed Indian and European heritage. Expansion of Spanish Missions in California- Spanish traveled up California spreading the word of Christianity and trying to convert Native Americans to Christians.