Research Methods: Concepts and Connections First Edition Michael Passer Research Methods: Concepts and Connections First Edition Chapter 4: Defining and Measuring Variables Clicker Questions Questions by Melissa Terlecki, Cabrini College © 2013 by Worth Publishers

Chapter 4 Eye color would be an example of which type of variable? qualitative quantitative continuous situational

Chapter 4 (Answer) Eye color would be an example of which type of variable? qualitative quantitative continuous situational

Chapter 4 2. A line graph depicting participants’ weight measured in pounds would NOT involve which type of variable? quantitative continuous discrete subject

Chapter 4 (Answer) 2. A line graph depicting participants’ weight measured in pounds would NOT involve which type of variable? quantitative continuous discrete subject

Chapter 4 3. Which type of variable is defined as having no intermediate values between any two adjacent values? continuous discrete quantitative mediator

Chapter 4 (Answer) 3. Which type of variable is defined as having no intermediate values between any two adjacent values? continuous discrete quantitative mediator

Chapter 4 4. In an experiment manipulating the amount of caffeine and measuring the effect on alertness during class, caffeine would be considered the _____ variable. dependent subject mediator independent

Chapter 4 (Answer) 4. In an experiment manipulating the amount of caffeine and measuring the effect on alertness during class, caffeine would be considered the _____ variable. dependent subject mediator independent

Chapter 4 5. Constructs are: variables that provide a causal link in the sequence between an independent and dependent variable. factors that alter the strength or direction of the relation between an independent and dependent variable. underlying hypothetical characteristics that are not directly observed, but inferred. characteristics that differ across environments or stimuli.

Chapter 4 (Answer) 5. Constructs are: variables that provide a causal link in the sequence between an independent and dependent variable. factors that alter the strength or direction of the relation between an independent and dependent variable. underlying hypothetical characteristics that are not directly observed, but inferred. characteristics that differ across environments or stimuli.

Chapter 4 6. The difference between mediator and moderator variables is that: mediator variables provide a causal link in the sequence between an independent and dependent variable. moderator variables provide a causal link in the sequence between an independent and dependent variable. mediator variables alter the strength or direction of the relation between an independent and dependent variable. neither mediator or moderator variables have an effect on the relationship between an independent and dependent variable.

Chapter 4 (Answer) 6. The difference between mediator and moderator variables is that: mediator variables provide a causal link in the sequence between an independent and dependent variable. moderator variables provide a causal link in the sequence between an independent and dependent variable. mediator variables alter the strength or direction of the relation between an independent and dependent variable. neither mediator or moderator variables have an effect on the relationship between an independent and dependent variable.

Chapter 4 7. Which statement does NOT apply to the benefit of operationally defining variables? Disagreement about definitions doesn’t often occur. There are many ways to define phenomena. Defining variables can help specify measurement procedures. Operational definitions play a role in many facets of daily life.

Chapter 4 (Answer) 7. Which statement does NOT apply to the benefit of operationally defining variables? Disagreement about definitions doesn’t often occur. There are many ways to define phenomena. Defining variables can help specify measurement procedures. Operational definitions play a role in many facets of daily life.

Chapter 4 8. Which does NOT apply to the process of measurement? random assignment systematic assignment designation of scales assignment of numbers, labels, or other symbols

Chapter 4 (Answer) 8. Which does NOT apply to the process of measurement? random assignment systematic assignment designation of scales assignment of numbers, labels, or other symbols

Chapter 4 9. Which scale of measurement would degrees in Celsius be represented by? nominal ordinal interval ratio

Chapter 4 (Answer) 9. Which scale of measurement would degrees in Celsius be represented by? nominal ordinal interval ratio

Chapter 4 10. Which scale of measurement would political party affiliation be represented by? nominal ordinal interval ratio

Chapter 4 (Answer) 10. Which scale of measurement would political party affiliation be represented by? nominal ordinal interval ratio

Chapter 4 11. Which is defined as a constant amount of error that occurs with each measurement? random measurement error systematic error test-retest reliability internal-consistency reliability

Chapter 4 (Answer) 11. Which is defined as a constant amount of error that occurs with each measurement? random measurement error systematic error test-retest reliability internal-consistency reliability

Chapter 4 12. Which refers to the consistency of a measure within itself? internal-consistency reliability test-retest reliability random measurement error systematic error

Chapter 4 (Answer) 12. Which refers to the consistency of a measure within itself? internal-consistency reliability test-retest reliability random measurement error systematic error

Chapter 4 13. Which type of validity concerns the degree to which the items on a measure appear to be reasonable? content face criterion construct

Chapter 4 (Answer) 13. Which type of validity concerns the degree to which the items on a measure appear to be reasonable? content face criterion construct

Chapter 4 14. If a test was created to assess knowledge of speeding laws, and participants (regardless of test-taking ability) show that this assessment accurately reflects their knowledge, which type of validity would be shown? content face criterion construct

Chapter 4 (Answer) 14. If a test was created to assess knowledge of speeding laws, and participants (regardless of test-taking ability) show that this assessment accurately reflects their knowledge, which type of validity would be shown? content face criterion construct

Chapter 4 15. If a researcher claims that a particular intelligence test predicts college success, what type of validity would need to be established? content face criterion construct

Chapter 4 (Answer) 15. If a researcher claims that a particular intelligence test predicts college success, what type of validity would need to be established? content face criterion construct