The Crusades Chapter 14 Section 1

Key Terms Crusades Holy Land Pope Urban II Saladin Richard the Lion Hearted

Launching the Crusades Crusades- series of religious wars Holy Land- Jerusalem and the land around it Jews their temple was there Christians- it was the birth place of Jesus Christ would only return if Christians controlled Jerusalem

Muslims Control the Holy Land 1000’s Muslims control the Holy Land (Fatimids) Turkish Muslims conquests in Europe Stories of persecuting Christians Turks attacked Byzantine Empire 1071 Turks destroy most of Byzantine army

The Council of Clermont Emperor of Constantinople requests help with Turks Pope Urban calls church leaders together at Claremont France Called for Christian knights and nobles to come together to fight the Turks Slogan “God wills it”

First Crusade 1096 two groups First group made up of peasants Unskilled warriors did not do well Some crusaders attacked non Christians Slaughtered entire Jewish communities

First Crusade Peasant quickly beaten at Jerusalem by the Turks Second group was knights Unprepared for hardship Lack of food and water Some knights looted towns

First Crusade Took 3 years to reach Jerusalem Laid siege to many cities Siege of Jerusalem victory for Crusaders Disaster for city’s inhabitants Crusaders created four states Christian strongholds

Second Crusade Edessa, Antioch, Tripoli, Jerusalem 1144 Turks capture Edessa European leaders call for second crusade King Louis VII and Eleanor Aquitaine were crusaders Took no lands forced to return empty handed

Third Crusade 30 years after the second Saladin-overthrew the Fatimids and controlled the Muslims took the title of Sultan Saladin wanted to take back Crusader states Drove Christians out of Jerusalem

Third Crusade Richard the Lion Hearted of England fought in the Holy War Salidin and Richard respected each other Saladin offered a doctor when Richard was sick Proposals of peace Richard sister to marry Salidin’s brother

Third Crusade Richard won several battles against the Muslims Could not take the Holy Land Battle was a draw

Fourth and Later Crusades 1202 Fourth Crusade Could not afford for Venetians to take them to Holy Land Attacked Zara instead Pope excommunicated all the Crusaders Attacked Constantinople

Fourth and Later Crusades Sacked the city and named one of its leaders emperor Fourth Crusade fails Five more Crusades follow All unsuccessful 1291 Muslims drive the Christians out of the Holy Land

Effects of the Crusades Economic changes Enhanced existing trade Spices, textiles, and good brought to Europe Changed economy of the middle Ages Political changes Death of knight and nobles Kings took control of their lands Kings had more power Social changes Brought knowledge of Muslim culture back Respect for other cultures Non—Christians viewed as enemies Persecution of Jews all over Europe