New World Beginnings AP Chapters 1 & 2
Bering Land Bridge Nomadic Asian hunting parties…. Perhaps 50-75 million “Native” Americans by 1490… Over 2,000 separate cultures – varied in size & sophistication due to the development of agriculture… No horse, oxen, or wheel, yet…
Inca (Peru)
Mayans (Central America)
Aztecs (Mexico)
Maize
The “Three Sisters”
Pueblo
Iroquois
“Vinland” – Leif Ericson 1000 AD
Crusades 11th-14th Centuries Created an appetite for: Silk Perfumes Drapery Spices A need to trade directly with Asia
Portugal Leads the Way Prince Henry “The Navigator” Caravels
Portuguese creep along the coast of Africa… Slavery Bartholomeu Dias (1488) Vasco da Gama (1498)
Spain: Ferdinand of Aragon & Isabella of Castile Expelled “Moors” from Spain… Competed with Portuguese … began to look westward
The Stage is Set for Europe… The Nation-State Develops… The Renaissance… Rebirth of … The Protestant Reformation… Martin Luther (1517) 95 Theses New Technologies… Printing Press Gunpowder Mariner’s Compass
Christopher Columbus From Genoa, Italy Persuades Ferdinand & Isabella… Nina, Pinta, Santa Maria
October 12, 1492
1494 Papal Line of Demarcation – Treaty of Tordesillas
Amerigo Vespucci (1497)
Spanish Explorers: Vasco Nunez Balboa Ferdinand Magellan Juan Ponce de Leon Francisco Pizarro Hernando de Soto Francisco Coronado
Hernan Cortes (1519) Conquers the Aztec city of Tenochtitlan… Montezuma believed … Quetzalcoatl…
“Black Legend”
St. Augustine, FL - 1565
Other European Powers Explore John Cabot… Giovanni de Verranzano… Jacques Cartier…
Henry VIII “A Love Story”
Queen Elizabeth I
“Sea Dogs” Sir Francis Drake Sir Walter Raliegh
“Lost Colony” of Roanoke
The “Protestant Wind” defeats the Spanish Armada - 1588
Jamestown - 1607 Primogeniture Joint-Stock Companies… Virginia Company of London Jamestown site…
John Smith Kidnapped… “He who does not work, does not eat” “Starving Time”
Lord De La Warr
Powhatan Father of Pocahontas… His Indian Confederacy falls to the Three “D”s Disease Disorganization Disposability
John Rolfe – Tobacco 1612
1619 20 Africans sold as slaves in Jamestown… London Company authorizes the House of Burgesses – 1st Legislature in America
Barbados Slave Codes
Maryland Lord Baltimore Refuge for English Catholics... Tobacco Cultivation Act of Toleration Granted toleration to all Christians Jews & Atheists get death penalty
English Civil War Oliver Cromwell
Restoration Charles II Empire Building Resumes…
The Carolinas South Carolina – Rice Cultivation & Plantation Economy similar to the West Indies North Carolina – outcast small farmers who didn’t like aristocratic VA or SC
Georgia James Oglethorpe Serve as a buffer to Spanish in FL Haven for imprisoned debtors Religious Toleration (except Catholics) John Wesley…
“Plantation Colonies” – Maryland, Virginia, North Carolina, South Carolina , Georgia & the West Indies Staple Crops Sugar Tobacco Rice Slavery Westward Movement Greater Religious Tolerance