Trade Routes established by 600 C. E Trade Routes established by 600 C.E. before the rise and spread of Islam Silk Road Trade Indian Ocean Trade Trans Saharan Trade

What you need to know: Climate and location of the routes typical goods and products being traded ethnicity of people involved technology and domesticated animals making it possible religious and cultural beliefs that are also spreading diseases and epidemics that are also spread

Central Asia steppes Silk Road

Silk Road Groups involved: Why it begins? Exchange of products: Central Asian steppe nomads, pastoralists Romans - Mediterranean Region Kushan Empire - Northern India Why it begins? Chinese ruler demand for horses Exchange of products: From east to west: Silk, spices From Central Asia to west and east: horses and high-quality jade From west to east: glassware, woolen and linen textiles, olive oils, wine Han Empire - China Parthian Empire, later defeated by the Sasanid Empire - Persia and Mesopotamia Method of Travel: camel caravans

Silk Road Cultural exchange: Spread of technology: Zoroastrianism, Christianity and Manichaeism from west to Central Asia monks, missionaries and pilgrims spread Buddhism from India to China Buddhism most prominent faith of merchants 200 b.c.e. - 700 c.e. = carried to Central, East and S.E. Asia Spread of technology: Use of chariot warfare, mounted bowmen and the stirrup from Central Asia spreads east to China and west to the Mediterranean Region Impact of stirrup in Europe = armored knights will dominate Feudal Europe Impact of stirrup in China = will contribute to rise of Tang Dynasty due to their superior cavalry

Silk Road Spread of pathogens (germs) for epidemics, diseases such as smallpox, measles and the bubonic plague from Central Asia to both Han Dynasty of China and Roman Empire Results: 1/4 to 1/3 of population in both dies as a result of epidemic diseases that moved along the Silk Roads A major factor in the collapse of the Han and Roman empires

Indian Ocean Trade

Indian Ocean Trade Regions connected by trade: Early migrations East Africa, Arabia, India, Southeast Asia and South China Early migrations From S.E. Asia to Madagascar Results = bananas, yams and other S.E. Asian plants now in Africa

Climate = using monsoons triangular lateen sails without oars = Indian Ocean trireme - Greek warship = Mediterranean Sea

Indian Ocean Exchange of Products From Africa: Exotic animals, wood and ivory From Persian Gulf: pearls From India: spices From S.E. Asia: spices and pottery obtained from China

Spread of Religion Hinduism: From India to S.E. Asia: Java Buddhism: From India to S.E. Asia: Burma, Thailand, Sumatra

Trans-Saharan Trade Introduction of camel domestication from Arabia by way of Egypt desert nomads From northern coast of Africa = wheat for Roman Empire From Southern part of Sahara desert = salt From equatorial forest area: palm oil, kola nuts Middlemen = farming peoples of the Sahel

Climate zones of Africa Northern Africa Southern coast of Sahara Desert Sahel = coast of Sahara Equatorial forest zone