Charismatic, Transactional, and Transformational Leadership

Charismatic Power Self-confidence Vision Ability to articulate the vision Strong convictions about the vision Behavior that is out of the ordinary Change agent Environmental sensitivity

Charismatic Leaders "Never give in--never, never, never, never, in nothing great or small, large or petty, never give in except to convictions of honour and good sense. Never yield to force; never yield to the apparently overwhelming might of the enemy.'' Pictures from: http://www.luminarium.org/renlit/eliza.htm http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/uk_politics/newsid_575000/575219.stm http://www.whitehouse.gov/history/presidents/rr40.html http://www.societyofentrepreneurs.com/members/bio.asp?ID=54 http://news.bbc.co.uk/hi/english/world/south_asia/newsid_155000/155236.stm I know I have but the body of a weak and feeble woman; but I have the heart of a king, and of a king of England, too.

Max Weber Adapted theological concept of charisma to leadership in general Extraordinariness bestowed by followers, rather than God Five requirements: Extraordinary gifts A crisis A radical solution to the crisis Followers who believe in a link, through leader, to transcendent powers Validation through repeated success

Conger and Kanungo Charisma is attributed to leaders by followers Depends on both leader attributes and the situation Leader behaviors Vision of change (within limits) Self-sacrificing, risk-taking Confidence Environmental sensitivity

Other Approaches The Psychodynamic approach Social Contagion Followers idolize or worship charismatic leader Leader takes on followers’ unexpressed guilt, fears, etc. Social Contagion Personal identification with leader Followers adopt symbols to set themselves apart from others Identification spreads in manner of fashions or fads Photos from: http://www.time.com/time/time100/leaders/profile/hitler.html

Transformational and Transactional Leadership Clarify task and role requirements Provide structure and rewards Meet subordinates’ social needs Transformational leadership…. Broadens and elevates subordinates’ interests Promotes awareness and acceptance of a shared vision Moves employees to pursue the best interests of the organization

Becoming a Transformational Leader: The Four I’s Idealized Influence Serving as a role model Inspirational Motivation Encouraging subordinates to challenge processes and impart meaning to work Intellectual Stimulation Fostering subordinates’ sense of creativity and innovation Individual Consideration Attending and responding to individual needs