5 Categorical Syllogisms

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
Cambridge or Burnley? Your task is to put the photos into the Venn diagram to show whether you think they were taken in Burnley or Cambridge. If you think.
Advertisements

Venn Diagram Technique for testing syllogisms
Test the validity of this argument: Some lawyers are judges. Some judges are politicians. Therefore, some lawyers are politicians. A. Valid B. Invalid.
Part 2 Module 3 Arguments and deductive reasoning Logic is a formal study of the process of reasoning, or using common sense. Deductive reasoning involves.
Scientific Theory and Scientific Law
Test the validity of this argument: Some lawyers are judges. Some judges are politicians. Therefore, some lawyers are politicians. A. Valid B. Invalid.
Four Rules of Aristotelian Logic 1. Rule of Identity: A is A 2. Rule of Non-Contradiction: A is not (-A) 3. Rule of Excluded Middle: Either A or (-A)
1 Valid and Invalid arguments. 2 Definition of Argument Sequence of statements: Statement 1; Statement 2; Therefore, Statement 3. Statements 1 and 2 are.
An overview Lecture prepared for MODULE-13 (Western Logic) BY- MINAKSHI PRAMANICK Guest Lecturer, Dept. Of Philosophy.
1 Philosophy 1100 Title:Critical Reasoning Instructor:Paul Dickey Website:
Part 2 Module 3 Arguments and deductive reasoning Logic is a formal study of the process of reasoning, or using common sense. Deductive reasoning involves.
Today’s Topics Introduction to Predicate Logic Venn Diagrams Categorical Syllogisms Venn Diagram tests for validity Rule tests for validity.
Philosophy 1100 Today: Hand Back “Nail that Claim” Exercise! & Discuss
Chapter 16: Venn Diagrams. Venn Diagrams (pp ) Venn diagrams represent the relationships between classes of objects by way of the relationships.
Logic In Part 2 Modules 1 through 5, our topic is symbolic logic. We will be studying the basic elements and forms that provide the structural foundations.
A CB SHADING VENN DIAGRAMS Try these Venn Diagram shading questions involving 2 sets Question 1Question 2 Question 3Question 4.
Introduction to Venn Diagrams SP This is a Venn diagram for two terms. We can conceive of every element of S as being within the boundary of the S circle.
Categorical Syllogisms
Testing Validity With Venn Diagrams
Philosophy 148 Chapter 7. AffirmativeNegative UniversalA: All S are PE: No S is P ParticularI: Some S is PO: Some S is not P.
Venn Diagrams and Categorical Syllogisms
4 Categorical Propositions
MLS 570 Critical Thinking Reading Notes for Fogelin: Categorical Syllogisms We will go over diagramming Arguments in class. Fall Term 2006 North Central.
CATEGORICAL SYLLOGISMS
Midterm Practice Famous Fallacies, TFTD, Hurley
Practice Quiz 3 Hurley 4.3 – 4.6.
Diagramming Universal-Particular arguments The simplest style of nontrivial argument is called a Universal-Particular argument. Earlier in Part 2 Module.
Chapter 17: Missing Premises and Conclusions. Enthymemes (p. 168) An enthymeme is an argument with an unstated premise or conclusion. There are systematic.
Invitation to Critical Thinking Chapter 6
1-3 Sets and Domains Goals: 1. Use the operations of union and intersection to find solution sets. 2. Represent solution sets of unions and intersections.
Union and Intersection
Chapter 6 Evaluating Deductive Arguments 1: Categorical Logic Invitation to Critical Thinking First Canadian Edition.
Critical Thinking: A User’s Manual
Chapter 14: Categorical Syllogisms. Elements of a Categorical Syllogism (pp ) Categorical syllogisms are deductive arguments. Categorical syllogisms.
McGraw-Hill ©2004 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Testing Validity With Venn Diagrams The aim of this tutorial is to help you learn.
Google C++ Testing Framework Part 2: Assertion. Concepts A test case contains one or many tests. ◦ You should group your tests into test cases that reflect.
Introduction to Categorical Logic PHIL 121: Methods of Reasoning February 18, 2013 Instructor:Karin Howe Binghamton University.
Venn Diagrams.
How to Take an AP Test By: Annie Seeley Studying the Material  Know the Layout of your book  Create a timeline of when and which chapters to study.
Do now Can you make sure that you have finished your Venn diagrams from last lesson. Can you name 5 famous mathematicians (including one that is still.
Venn Diagram Technique for testing syllogisms
CHAPTER 3 SETS, BOOLEAN ALGEBRA & LOGIC CIRCUITS
VENNS DIAGRAM METHOD FOR TESTING CATEGORICAL SYLLOGISM
Venn Diagrams and Set Operation
Testing Validity With Venn Diagrams
Testing for Validity with Venn Diagrams
5 Categorical Syllogisms
Venn Diagrams 1= s that are not p; 2= s that are p; 3= p that are not s S P.
Today’s Topics Introduction to Predicate Logic Venn Diagrams
5.1 Standard Form, Mood, and Figure
Famous Fallacies, TFTD, Hurley
Logic In Part 2 Modules 1 through 5, our topic is symbolic logic.
Practice Quiz 3 Hurley
3 Logic The Study of What’s True or False or Somewhere in Between.
Conditions and Ifs BIS1523 – Lecture 8.
4.1 The Components of Categorical Propositions
Operations with Sets A = { 1, 2, 3 ,4, 5} B = { 2, 4, 6, 8, 10}
Philosophy 1100 Class #8 Title: Critical Reasoning
Diagramming Universal-Particular arguments
SHADING VENN DIAGRAMS
Philosophy 1100 Title: Critical Reasoning Instructor: Paul Dickey
5 Categorical Syllogisms
Section 3.6 Euler Diagrams and Syllogistic Arguments
Chapter 6 Categorical Syllogisms
Reason and Argument Chapter 7 (2/2).
2.1 – Symbols and Terminology
This diagram helps explains why angles at a point add to 360o.
Logical equivalence.
4 Categorical Propositions
Practice Quiz 3 Hurley 4.3 – 4.6.
Presentation transcript:

5 Categorical Syllogisms 5.2 Venn Diagrams

Venn Diagrams For testing Standard Form Categorical Syllogisms we add a circle for the middle term M S P S P

Venn Diagrams Follow this procedure diagramming arguments: Marks are made only for premises Diagram universal premises first (if both, any order) Concentrate on the 2 circles talked about in the premise you are diagramming When reading a diagram, remember that particular statements assert 2 things (existence and location) When shading, be sure to shade the entire area Xs go on the line in an area that is unshaded, otherwise they go in the area the shading leaves open Xs never go on the intersection of 2 lines, and never go on the outside of the circles

Venn Diagrams 1 No P are M (see p.246) All S are M No S are P S P M

Venn Diagrams 2 All M are P No S are M No S are P S P M

Venn Diagrams 3 Some P are M All M are S Some S are P S P M

Venn Diagrams Skip a few…

Venn Diagrams 5 Some M are P All S are M Some S are P S P M

Venn Diagrams 8 Some M are not P Some S are M Some S are not P S P M

Venn Diagrams (Aristotelian Standpoint) No F are T All F are C Some C are not T Step 1: Diagram as usual using Boolean Standpoint S P M

Venn Diagrams (Aristotelian Standpoint) No F are T All F are C Some C are not T Step 2: Put an X in any circle with just one empty area S P M

Venn Diagrams (Aristotelian Standpoint) No F are T All F are C Some C are not T Step 3 Determine whether circled X represents something that actually exists. If it does, the argument is valid from the Aristotelian Standpoint S P M